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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

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Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway02:26

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The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
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The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Co-immunoprecipitation Assay for Studying Functional Interactions Between Receptors and Enzymes
09:40

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Published on: September 28, 2018

KAP1 regulates gene networks controlling T-cell development and responsiveness.

Francesca R Santoni de Sio1, Isabelle Barde, Sandra Offner

  • 1School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.

FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
|August 9, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Kruppel-associated box (KRAB)-associated protein 1 (KAP1) is crucial for T-lymphocyte differentiation. Its absence causes developmental imbalances and altered signaling, highlighting KAP1's role in epigenetic regulation.

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Study of Dendritic Cell Development by Short Hairpin RNA-Mediated Gene Knockdown in a Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Line In vitro
06:12

Study of Dendritic Cell Development by Short Hairpin RNA-Mediated Gene Knockdown in a Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Line In vitro

Published on: March 7, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Chromatin remodeling is essential for lymphoid cell development.
  • Kruppel-associated box (KRAB)-associated protein 1 (KAP1) is a key cofactor for KRAB-zinc finger proteins (ZFPs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of KAP1 in T-lymphocyte differentiation and activation.
  • To understand the epigenetic mechanisms mediated by KAP1 in T-cells.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized T-cell-specific Kap1-deleted mouse models.
  • Performed transcriptome and chromatin studies (e.g., H3K9me3, Ikaros/NuRD complex analysis).
  • Assessed T-cell development, cell ratios, and responses to TCR and TGFβ stimulation.

Main Results:

  • Kap1 deletion led to thymocyte expansion and CD4/CD8 ratio imbalances.
  • KAP1 was found to bind T-cell regulatory elements marked by H3K9me3 and associated with Ikaros/NuRD.
  • KAP1 directly influences genes in TCR and cytokine signaling, notably FoxO1.

Conclusions:

  • KAP1 plays a significant, previously unrecognized role in T-lymphocyte differentiation and activation.
  • KAP1-mediated epigenetic regulation is vital for T-cell development and function.
  • KRAB-ZFPs are involved in tethering KAP1 to its genomic targets in T-lymphoid cells.