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Related Concept Videos

General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
Transcription01:10

Transcription

Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
Transcription01:17

Transcription

Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in correctly synthesizing messenger RNA (mRNA). Transcriptional regulation is responsible for the differentiation of different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds of RNA Molecules
In eukaryotes,...
RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...

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Development of Organoids from Mouse Pituitary as In Vitro Model to Explore Pituitary Stem Cell Biology
09:48

Development of Organoids from Mouse Pituitary as In Vitro Model to Explore Pituitary Stem Cell Biology

Published on: February 25, 2022

Pituitary development: a complex, temporal regulated process dependent on specific transcriptional factors.

Débora Cristina de Moraes1, Mario Vaisman, Flavia Lucia Conceição

  • 1Laboratório de Endocrinologia Molecular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, s/n, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. deboracmop@gmail.com

The Journal of Endocrinology
|August 9, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Pituitary organogenesis relies on key transcription factors (TFs). Mutations in these TFs cause hypopituitarism and central nervous system issues, highlighting their critical roles in development.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Pituitary organogenesis is a complex process essential for endocrine function.
  • Several transcription factors (TFs), including PROP1, PIT1, HESX1, LHX3, and LHX4, are crucial for normal pituitary development.
  • Disruptions in TF expression or function can lead to hypopituitarism and associated central nervous system abnormalities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the intricate mechanisms of pituitary organogenesis.
  • To clarify the specific roles of major transcription factors in this process.
  • To synthesize findings from studies on TF mutations in patients with panhypopituitarism and in animal models.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on pituitary development.
  • Analysis of functional studies involving transcription factor mutations in human patients.
  • Examination of data from transgenic animal models with TF deletions or mutations.

Main Results:

  • Key TFs orchestrate pituitary development through precise temporal and spatial expression and interactions.
  • Mutations in these TFs result in various forms of hypopituitarism, often linked to congenital panhypopituitarism.
  • Studies in animal models and human patients provide insights into TF function and developmental consequences.

Conclusions:

  • Transcription factors are indispensable regulators of pituitary organogenesis.
  • Understanding TF roles and mutation effects is vital for diagnosing and potentially treating hypopituitarism.
  • Further research into TF interactions can elucidate developmental pathways and associated disorders.