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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Cell Migration through Invadopodia01:35

Cancer Cell Migration through Invadopodia

Invadosome is a broad category of cell surface structures with proteolytic activity that  degrades the extracellular matrix (ECM). Invadosomes are present in normal cell types, including macrophages, endothelial cells, and neurons, as well as tumor cells. Although the macrophage podosomes and tumor cell invadopodia are classified as invadosomes, they have different structures, molecular pathways, and functions. Podosomes are short structures that last for a few minutes. However, invadopodia can...
Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration01:32

Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration

A migrating cell changes its shape during the cyclic events of attachment and detachment from the substratum and repositions the cell organelles correspondingly. These complex events are orchestrated by the dynamic cytoskeletal network comprising actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Cytoskeletal crosstalk — the direct and indirect communication between the different components — is crucial for this coordination. Direct communication involves various linker proteins that...
Assembly of Complex Microtubule Structures01:32

Assembly of Complex Microtubule Structures

Complex microtubule structures are present in resting cells and in dividing cells. In resting cells, they are responsible for maintaining the cellular architecture, tracks for intracellular transport, positioning of organelles, assembly of cilia and flagella. They mediate the bipolar spindle assembly for chromosomal segregation and positioning of the cell division plate in dividing cells. The formation of microtubule complex structures depends on the cell type, cell stage, and cell function.
Mechanism of Lamellipodia Formation01:31

Mechanism of Lamellipodia Formation

Cells migrating in response to external stimuli form lamellipodia, which are thin membrane protrusions supported by a mesh of linked, branched, or unbranched actin filaments. These actin filaments interact with myosin motor proteins, creating the dynamic actomyosin complex within the cytoskeleton. Contractility, or the ability to generate contractile stress, is inherent to the actomyosin complex. It helps cells detect the stiffness of the surrounding ECM and exert contractile force for...
Cell Migration01:09

Cell Migration

Cell migration, the process by which cells move from one location to another, is essential for the proper development and viability of organisms throughout their life. When cells are not able to migrate properly to their ordained locations, various disorders may occur. For example, disruption in cell migration causes chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis.
Cell Migration01:19

Cell Migration

Cell migration is a process by which the cells move from one location to another, playing an essential role in embryological development, repair and regeneration, immune response, and metastasis. Cells migrate in response to chemical or mechanical signals generated by specific organs or tissues. The overall mechanism includes three steps - polarization, protrusion, and release. Polarization involves the formation of a distinct cell front and rear, which determines the direction of movement.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

In Vivo Dynamics of Retinal Microglial Activation During Neurodegeneration: Confocal Ophthalmoscopic Imaging and Cell Morphometry in Mouse Glaucoma
12:48

In Vivo Dynamics of Retinal Microglial Activation During Neurodegeneration: Confocal Ophthalmoscopic Imaging and Cell Morphometry in Mouse Glaucoma

Published on: May 11, 2015

Podosomes in migrating microglia: components and matrix degradation.

Catherine Vincent1, Tamjeed A Siddiqui, Lyanne C Schlichter

  • 1Toronto Western Research Institute, University of Toronto, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON M5T2S8, Canada.

Journal of Neuroinflammation
|August 10, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Microglia, the brain's immune cells, use podosomes to degrade the extracellular matrix (ECM) for migration. This discovery is crucial for understanding brain development, injury, and inflammatory diseases.

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Isolation of Cortical Microglia with Preserved Immunophenotype and Functionality From Murine Neonates
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Published on: January 30, 2014

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In Vivo Dynamics of Retinal Microglial Activation During Neurodegeneration: Confocal Ophthalmoscopic Imaging and Cell Morphometry in Mouse Glaucoma
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In Vivo Dynamics of Retinal Microglial Activation During Neurodegeneration: Confocal Ophthalmoscopic Imaging and Cell Morphometry in Mouse Glaucoma

Published on: May 11, 2015

Isolation of Cortical Microglia with Preserved Immunophenotype and Functionality From Murine Neonates
09:12

Isolation of Cortical Microglia with Preserved Immunophenotype and Functionality From Murine Neonates

Published on: January 30, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Microglia, the brain's immune cells, must migrate for development and after CNS injury.
  • The mechanism of microglia migration through the extracellular matrix (ECM) was previously unknown.
  • Podosomes are known to adhere to and degrade ECM in other cell types.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how microglia degrade the ECM.
  • To identify the structures involved in microglial ECM degradation and migration.

Main Methods:

  • Live cell imaging of rat microglia.
  • Assays for chemokinesis and chemotactic invasion through Matrigel™.
  • High-resolution microscopy to identify podosomes and their components.

Main Results:

  • Microglia form a superstructure called a podonut at their leading edge, composed of numerous podosomes.
  • Microglial podosomes contain hallmark proteins like talin, F-actin, Arp2, Tks5, and Nox1.
  • Microglia expressing podonuts demonstrated degradation of ECM components (fibronectin, Matrigel™).

Conclusions:

  • Functional podosomes have been identified in microglia.
  • Microglial migration is essential in brain development, injury, and inflammatory diseases.
  • Microglia likely use podosomes to adhere to and degrade ECM for efficient migration.