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Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area01:23

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area

Dissolution kinetics, an essential aspect of oral drug delivery, is significantly influenced by the drug's particle size. According to the Noyes-Whitney dissolution model, the dissolution rate correlates directly with the drug's surface area. The larger the surface area, the higher the drug's solubility in water, leading to a faster drug dissolution rate. Reducing particle size increases the effective surface area, enhancing the dissolution process. Micronization and nanosizing are employed to...
Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model01:15

Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model

Dissolution, the process by which drug particles dissolve in a solvent, is explained by the diffusion layer model, a theoretical framework that simulates the absorption of oral drugs and allows us to analyze experimental data.
This process starts with a thin layer, saturated with the drug, forming at the interface between the solid and liquid. The solute then diffuses from this layer into the main solution. The Noyes-Whitney equation suggests that the rate of dissolution relies on the diffusion...
Drug Dissolution: Requirements and Profile Comparison01:14

Drug Dissolution: Requirements and Profile Comparison

The acceptance criteria for dissolution profile data are anchored in Q values, representing the percentage of drug dissolved within a specified period. This assessment unfolds in three stages:First Stage: The test passes if all six drug dosage units are equal to or greater than Q plus 5%; otherwise, the sample proceeds to the second stage.Second Stage: The average of twelve units must be equal to or greater than Q, with no unit falling below Q - 15% to pass; if not, it progresses to the final...
Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model01:09

Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model

Various dissolution theories provide insight into the factors that influence the dissolution rate. Danckwerts' Model suggests that turbulence, rather than a stagnant layer, characterizes the dissolution medium at the solid-liquid interface. In this model, the agitated solvent contains macroscopic packets that move to the interface via eddy currents, facilitating the absorption and delivery of the drug to the bulk solution. The regular replenishment of solvent packets maintains the concentration...
In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models II01:09

In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models II

Various dissolution methods are utilized to assess a drug’s dissolution rate, including the flow-through cell, paddle-over-disk, cylinder, and reciprocating disk methods.The flow-through cell apparatus (USP (United States Pharmacopeia) method 4) comprises a reservoir for the dissolution medium and a pump that propels the medium through the cell containing the test sample. This method is crucial for assessing modified-release dosage forms with minimally soluble active ingredients, maintaining...
Noncompartmental Analysis: Mean Transit, Absorption and Dissolution Time01:02

Noncompartmental Analysis: Mean Transit, Absorption and Dissolution Time

When drugs are administered extravascularly, a comprehensive evaluation through noncompartmental analysis becomes imperative. This analytical approach considers various parameters that play a crucial role in understanding the pharmacokinetics of these drugs.
One of the key parameters is the mean transit time (MTT), which refers to the total duration required for drug molecules to transit through the body. MTT is determined by calculating the ratio of the area under the moment curve to the area...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Transport Properties of Ibuprofen Encapsulated in Cyclodextrin Nanosponge Hydrogels: A Proton HR-MAS NMR Spectroscopy Study
10:10

Transport Properties of Ibuprofen Encapsulated in Cyclodextrin Nanosponge Hydrogels: A Proton HR-MAS NMR Spectroscopy Study

Published on: August 15, 2016

Multicomponent NAPL source dissolution: evaluation of mass-transfer coefficients.

Michael A Mobile1, Mark A Widdowson, Daniel L Gallagher

  • 1The Charles E. Via, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0105, United States.

Environmental Science & Technology
|August 10, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Inverse modeling quantified mass transfer coefficients for nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) dissolution. Results reveal constituent-specific coefficients and multistage mass discharge behavior during contaminant remediation.

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An Inverse Analysis Approach to the Characterization of Chemical Transport in Paints
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An Inverse Analysis Approach to the Characterization of Chemical Transport in Paints

Published on: August 29, 2014

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Last Updated: May 19, 2026

Transport Properties of Ibuprofen Encapsulated in Cyclodextrin Nanosponge Hydrogels: A Proton HR-MAS NMR Spectroscopy Study
10:10

Transport Properties of Ibuprofen Encapsulated in Cyclodextrin Nanosponge Hydrogels: A Proton HR-MAS NMR Spectroscopy Study

Published on: August 15, 2016

An Inverse Analysis Approach to the Characterization of Chemical Transport in Paints
08:42

An Inverse Analysis Approach to the Characterization of Chemical Transport in Paints

Published on: August 29, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Geochemistry
  • Hydrogeology

Background:

  • Nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) pose significant environmental risks.
  • Understanding NAPL dissolution and mass transfer is crucial for effective site remediation.
  • Field-scale data on NAPL behavior is essential for validating conceptual models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Quantify mass transfer rate coefficients for a multicomponent NAPL.
  • Investigate the relationship between mass transfer coefficients and constituent properties.
  • Evaluate the temporal dynamics of NAPL dissolution and mass discharge.

Main Methods:

  • Employed inverse modeling with high-resolution aqueous phase concentration data.
  • Utilized the SEAM3D solute transport model to simulate advective-dispersive transport and NAPL dissolution.
  • Calibrated the model using observed breakthrough times, peak concentrations, mass discharge, and mass depletions.

Main Results:

  • Derived vertically variable NAPL mass transfer coefficients (0.082 to 2.0 day⁻¹) for three soluble NAPL constituents.
  • Observed a positive correlation between constituent-specific coefficients and liquid-phase diffusion coefficients.
  • Demonstrated limited sensitivity of a time-varying mass transfer coefficient as NAPL mass depleted (>80% dissolution).
  • Identified multistage behavior in long-term mass discharge relative to source mass depletion.

Conclusions:

  • Inverse modeling provides a robust method for quantifying NAPL mass transfer coefficients.
  • Constituent properties significantly influence mass transfer rates during dissolution.
  • NAPL dissolution and mass discharge exhibit complex, multistage dynamics over time.