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Microfluidic Picoliter Bioreactor for Microbial Single-cell Analysis: Fabrication, System Setup, and Operation

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Ultrasonic bioreactor as a platform for studying cellular response.

Anuradha Subramanian¹, Joseph A Turner, Gaurav Budhiraja

¹Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA. asubramanian2@unl.edu

Tissue Engineering. Part C, Methods

|August 10, 2012

Summary

This study introduces an ultrasonic bioreactor for tissue engineering, specifically for articular cartilage. The platform enhances chondrocyte proliferation, viability, and gene expression, revealing 138 differentially expressed proteins under ultrasonic stimulation.

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Tissue Engineering
Cell Biology

Background:

Growing demand for tissue-engineered constructs due to an aging population.
Challenges in optimizing laboratory-created tissue due to complex cell growth parameters.
Need for a generalized research platform for quantitative studies in tissue engineering.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe an ultrasonic bioreactor for studying cellular responses to ultrasonic stimulation.
To investigate the effects of ultrasound on chondrocytes for potential articular cartilage tissue engineering.
To assess the safety and efficacy of specific ultrasound protocols on cell viability and function.

Main Methods:

Development and utilization of a novel ultrasonic bioreactor.
Exposure of chondrocytes to a range of ultrasound frequencies and pressure amplitudes.
Analysis of cell proliferation, viability, gene expression, and proteomic profiles using mass spectrometry.

Main Results:

Ultrasound protocols were found to be safe, with insignificant negative effects on temperature and cavitation.
The ultrasonic bioreactor demonstrated positive effects on chondrocyte proliferation, viability, and expression of chondrocytic markers.
Mass spectrometry identified 138 unique proteins that were differentially expressed in response to ultrasonic stimulation.

Conclusions:

The ultrasonic bioreactor is a viable platform for studying cell responses to ultrasound in tissue engineering.
Ultrasonic stimulation positively influences key cellular parameters relevant to chondrogenesis.
Proteomic analysis provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying cell mechanotransduction via ultrasound.