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Related Concept Videos

Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
Genetics of Speciation02:16

Genetics of Speciation

Speciation is the evolutionary process resulting in the formation of new, distinct species—groups of reproductively isolated populations.
Speciation Rates01:07

Speciation Rates

Overview
Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift01:09

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift

In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).
Inclusive Fitness00:57

Inclusive Fitness

Most altruistic behavior—in which one animal helps another at a cost to themselves—occurs between relatives. Scientists think these altruistic behaviors evolved because they increase the inclusive fitness of the animal providing help.
Evolution of New Traits in Microbes01:24

Evolution of New Traits in Microbes

Microorganisms evolve rapidly due to their large population sizes and short generation times, often exhibiting measurable changes within days under laboratory conditions. Natural selection acts on standing genetic variation, enabling the retention and amplification of beneficial traits that confer fitness advantages in changing environments.Adaptive Pigment Regulation in RhodobacterIn Rhodobacter, a genus of purple non-sulfur bacteria, light-harvesting pigments such as bacteriochlorophyll and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Daily Transfers, Archiving Populations, and Measuring Fitness in the Long-Term Evolution Experiment with Escherichia coli
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Frequency-dependent fitness induces multistability in coevolutionary dynamics.

Hinrich Arnoldt1, Marc Timme, Stefan Grosskinsky

  • 1Network Dynamics Group, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Bunsenstrasse 10, 37073 Göttingen, Germany. hinrich@nld.ds.mpg.de

Journal of the Royal Society, Interface
|August 10, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Nonlinear frequency dependence and asymmetric mutation rates can create new stable states in evolutionary dynamics. These factors influence how mutation, selection, and genetic drift interact, leading to multistability.

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Area of Science:

  • Theoretical Biology
  • Evolutionary Dynamics
  • Population Genetics

Background:

  • Evolution is driven by mutation, competition, and genetic drift.
  • Previous studies focused on linear frequency-dependent interactions in competing species.
  • Limited resources can lead to nonlinear frequency dependencies in evolutionary models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of nonlinear frequency dependence on evolutionary dynamics.
  • To analyze the interplay between nonlinear frequency dependence and asymmetric mutation rates.
  • To understand the emergence of metastable states in evolutionary systems.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a theoretical model encompassing linear and nonlinear frequency-dependent interactions.
  • Focused on a simplified two-genotype system.
  • Analyzed the co-action of nonlinear frequency dependence with asymmetric mutation rates.

Main Results:

  • Nonlinear frequency dependence and asymmetric mutation rates can induce novel metastable states.
  • Stochastic switching dynamics between these metastable states were observed.
  • The study elucidates the contributions of mutation, selection, and genetic drift to evolutionary dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • Multistability appears to be a common feature in systems with frequency-dependent fitness.
  • Nonlinear frequency dependencies play a crucial role in shaping evolutionary trajectories.
  • Understanding these dynamics is key to predicting evolutionary outcomes in complex systems.