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Updated: May 19, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
07:54

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Published on: December 6, 2016

Childhood obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: an interdisciplinary approach: a prospective epidemiological study of

Constanze Sauer1, Bernhard Schlüter, Rolf Hinz

  • 1Department of Orthodontics, Health Faculty, University of Witten/Herdecke, Alfred-Herrhausen-Str. 50, 58448, Witten, Germany. Constanze.Sauer@uni-wh.de

Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics = Fortschritte Der Kieferorthopadie : Organ/Official Journal Deutsche Gesellschaft Fur Kieferorthopadie
|August 10, 2012
PubMed

Insights

Sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBD) affect 3% of preschool children, often linked to jaw abnormalities. Boys with adenotonsillar hyperplasia and specific dental issues need attention.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Sleep Medicine
  • Epidemiology
  • Orthodontics

Background:

  • Data on sleep disorders in children is limited.
  • Preschool children may experience sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBD).
  • SRBD can be associated with dental and jaw abnormalities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of SRBD in preschool children.
  • To investigate correlations between SRBD and occlusion/jaw abnormalities.
  • To identify risk factors for SRBD in young children.

Main Methods:

  • Epidemiological study of 4,318 preschool children using the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ).
  • Clinical examination by orthodontist and ENT specialist for positive PSQ scores.
  • Polysomnography conducted on a subset of children with specific abnormalities.

Main Results:

  • Prevalence of SRBD was 3.3% in 5.5-year-olds, higher in boys.
  • Indicators of SRBD include lack of concentration, hyperactivity, fatigue, mouth breathing, snoring, and breathing pauses.
  • SRBD associated with mandibular retrognathia, lateral cross-bite, increased overjet, and orofacial dysfunctions.
  • Adenotonsillar hyperplasia is a significant factor in SRBD development.

Conclusions:

  • SRBD prevalence in 5- to 6-year-olds is approximately 3%.
  • Boys with adenotonsillar hyperplasia, mandibular retrognathia, lateral cross bite, and enlarged overjet require focused attention.
  • Early identification and management of SRBD risk factors are crucial in pediatric populations.
Abstract

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