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Related Concept Videos

Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
Language Development01:22

Language Development

Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
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Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

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Components of Language01:24

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Automatic Processing and Automatic Social Behavior01:28

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Automatic processing refers to the cognitive operations that occur without conscious intent or awareness, playing a fundamental role in shaping social cognition and behavior. These processes enable individuals to navigate complex social environments efficiently by relying on mental shortcuts and pre-existing knowledge structures known as schemas. One of the most influential mechanisms underlying automatic processing is priming, which subtly activates mental representations through exposure to...
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Related Experiment Video

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Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology
05:38

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Published on: June 29, 2021

Independence of early speech processing from word meaning.

Katherine E Travis1, Matthew K Leonard, Alexander M Chan

  • 1Department of Neurosciences.

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|August 10, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Speech comprehension involves two stages: early acoustic-phonetic processing (~60 ms) in the superior temporal cortex and later semantic processing (~217 ms). Acoustic-phonetic processing is independent of semantic context.

Keywords:
ECoGMEGN400speech processing

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Auditory Processing

Background:

  • Speech comprehension is a complex cognitive process involving multiple stages.
  • Understanding the precise timing and neural correlates of these stages is crucial for deciphering brain function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To differentiate and localize the distinct neural stages of speech comprehension.
  • To investigate the temporal dynamics and anatomical substrates of acoustic-phonetic and lexico-semantic processing.

Main Methods:

  • Combined magnetoencephalography (MEG), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and electrocorticography (ECoG).
  • Utilized word stimuli matched for acoustic properties and semantic priming with pictures.
  • Analyzed neural responses based on latency and anatomical localization.

Main Results:

  • Identified an early acoustic-phonetic processing stage (~60 ms) in the middle superior temporal cortex, selective for words and distinct from tone responses.
  • Revealed a later lexico-semantic modulation stage (~217 ms) involving a broader network, influenced by semantic priming.
  • Confirmed MEG findings with intracranial recordings, identifying distinct neural populations for each processing stage.

Conclusions:

  • Speech comprehension involves separable early acoustic-phonetic and later lexico-semantic processing stages.
  • The early acoustic-phonetic stage appears independent of semantic context, suggesting limited lexical feedback in initial speech perception.