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Related Concept Videos

Adrenergic Agonists: Therapeutic Uses01:30

Adrenergic Agonists: Therapeutic Uses

Adrenergic agonists have diverse therapeutic uses across various medical conditions and emergencies.
Emergency and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) applications: Pressor agents increase blood pressure, heart rate, and contractility in shock and organ failure situations. Dopamine can induce vasodilation and stimulate adrenoceptors. Endogenous catecholamines are effective in treating cardiogenic shock. α2-agonists like clonidine can reverse anesthesia-induced hypertension.
Allergies and anaphylaxis:...
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase01:11

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase

Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...
Insulin: The Receptor and Signaling Pathways01:28

Insulin: The Receptor and Signaling Pathways

Insulin action is mediated through a receptor tyrosine kinase, akin to the IGF-1 receptor. The number of receptors per cell varies significantly, from 40 on erythrocytes to 300,000 on adipocytes and hepatocytes. The insulin receptor consists of linked α/β subunit dimers, forming a heterotetramer glycoprotein with two extracellular α subunits and two β subunits spanning the membrane. The α subunits inhibit the inherent tyrosine kinase activity of the β subunits, but this inhibition is released...
Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors01:27

Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors

Enzyme-linked receptors are cell-surface receptors acting as an enzyme or associating with an enzyme intracellularly. They make excellent drug targets. Drugs can bind to the extracellular ligand-binding domain or directly affect their enzymatic domain and alter their activity.
Major types that are helpful drug targets include:
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Overview and Classification01:16

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Overview and Classification

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is a clinical practice that measures specific drug levels in a patient's blood at designated intervals to ensure the drug concentration stays within a therapeutic range. This monitoring is crucial for optimizing individual dosage regimens, enhancing therapeutic efficacy, and minimizing drug-related toxicity. TDM is vital for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, significant variability in pharmacokinetics, and a clear correlation between plasma levels and...
Pharmacodynamics: Overview and Principles01:21

Pharmacodynamics: Overview and Principles

Pharmacodynamics is a scientific field that delves into drugs' intricate biochemical, cellular, and physiological effects on the human body. The study of pharmacodynamics helps us understand how drugs interact with the body and elicit various responses.
Most drugs' effects result from their interactions with drug receptors or targets within the body. These interactions trigger specific responses at the cellular or systemic level. Drug receptors can be found on the surfaces of cells or within...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Arteriovenous Metabolomics to Measure In Vivo Metabolite Exchange in Brown Adipose Tissue
02:55

Arteriovenous Metabolomics to Measure In Vivo Metabolite Exchange in Brown Adipose Tissue

Published on: October 6, 2023

Therapeutic perspectives for adiponectin: an update.

F Y L Li1, K S L Lam, A Xu

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.

Current Medicinal Chemistry
|August 11, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Low adiponectin (an anti-inflammatory hormone) levels in obesity increase risks for diabetes and heart disease. Targeting adiponectin may offer new treatments for obesity-related metabolic disorders.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Syndrome
  • Adipose Tissue Biology

Background:

  • Obesity is linked to increased pro-inflammatory adipokines and decreased adiponectin.
  • Low adiponectin (hypoadiponectinemia) is an independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, and cancer.
  • Adiponectin possesses cardiovascular protective, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the beneficial effects of adiponectin.
  • To discuss therapeutic strategies targeting adiponectin for obesity-related cardiometabolic syndromes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on adiponectin's role in obesity and related diseases.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data, animal studies, and clinical trial findings.

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An Adipocyte Cell Culture Model to Study the Impact of Protein and Micro-RNA Modulation on Adipocyte Function
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An Adipocyte Cell Culture Model to Study the Impact of Protein and Micro-RNA Modulation on Adipocyte Function

Published on: May 4, 2021

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Last Updated: May 19, 2026

Arteriovenous Metabolomics to Measure In Vivo Metabolite Exchange in Brown Adipose Tissue
02:55

Arteriovenous Metabolomics to Measure In Vivo Metabolite Exchange in Brown Adipose Tissue

Published on: October 6, 2023

An Adipocyte Cell Culture Model to Study the Impact of Protein and Micro-RNA Modulation on Adipocyte Function
09:20

An Adipocyte Cell Culture Model to Study the Impact of Protein and Micro-RNA Modulation on Adipocyte Function

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  • Examination of natural compounds and drugs that influence adiponectin levels.

    • Main Results:

    • Adiponectin deficiency exacerbates obesity-related pathologies.
    • Recombinant adiponectin or transgenic expression can reverse these conditions in animal models.
    • Certain drugs (PPAR agonists, statins) and natural compounds increase adiponectin levels and show therapeutic benefits.

    Conclusions:

    • Adiponectin plays a crucial role in metabolic health and cardiovascular protection.
    • Targeting adiponectin presents a promising therapeutic avenue for managing obesity-related cardiometabolic diseases.
    • Further clinical research is needed to validate adiponectin-based therapies.