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Related Concept Videos

Human Genetics01:28

Human Genetics

Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics: Overview01:29

Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics: Overview

Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics examine how genetic factors influence an individual's response to drugs. While pharmacogenetics focuses on the impact of specific genetic variants on drug effects, pharmacogenomics takes a broader approach, studying how genetic variation across populations contributes to differences in drug responses. These fields aim to explain why individuals may experience varying levels of efficacy or adverse reactions to the same medication.Variability in drug...
Gene-Environment Interactions01:20

Gene-Environment Interactions

Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu01:29

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...

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Sample Preparation to Bioinformatics Analysis of DNA Methylation: Association Strategy for Obesity and Related Trait Studies
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Epigenetics: are there implications for personalised nutrition?

Graham C Burdge1, Samuel P Hoile, Karen A Lillycrop

  • 1Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, UK. g.c.burdge@southampton.ac.uk

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care
|August 11, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epigenetics, influenced by diet and exercise, plays a key role in how nutrients interact with our genes, affecting disease risk. This epigenetic variation can be modified by nutrition for improved health outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Nutritional epigenetics
  • Gene-environment interactions
  • Personalized nutrition

Background:

  • Epigenetic mechanisms regulate gene expression without altering DNA sequence.
  • Nutrition is a key environmental factor influencing epigenetic modifications.
  • Understanding epigenetics is crucial for advancing personalized nutrition strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate recent advances in nutritional epigenetics.
  • To assess the role of epigenetics in personalized nutrition.
  • To discuss findings from animal models and human cohorts.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on epigenetics and nutrition.
  • Analysis of findings from animal models and human epidemiological studies.
  • Evaluation of epigenetic modifications in response to dietary and lifestyle factors.

Main Results:

  • Maternal diet (fat, folic acid, protein, energy) alters offspring epigenetic regulation and tissue function.
  • Intergenerational epigenetic traits are influenced by maternal phenotype and environment.
  • CpG methylation in fetal and adult tissues is linked to risks of type 2 diabetes, adiposity, height, and breast cancer.
  • Exercise induces acute epigenetic changes in muscle gene methylation.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic variation significantly influences nutrient-genome interactions and disease risk.
  • Unlike gene polymorphisms, epigenetic variation is modifiable through nutritional interventions.
  • Nutritional epigenetics offers a promising avenue for health improvement and personalized medicine.