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Related Concept Videos

Endocarditis I: Introduction01:25

Endocarditis I: Introduction

Introduction:Endocarditis is the infection of the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart and its valves. When the heart muscle is involved, the condition is termed myocarditis, while an infection of the outer lining is called pericarditis. Infective endocarditis (IE) primarily affects the endocardium, where pathogens adhere to the valves or lining, forming vegetation that can lead to severe complications. Infective endocarditis occurs when microorganisms, usually bacteria from other body...
Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis01:25

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis

Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
Endocarditis III: Medical Management01:18

Endocarditis III: Medical Management

Infective endocarditis management involves a multifaceted approach encompassing infection prevention, lifestyle modifications, pharmacological therapy, and surgical management.Infection Prevention:Hand Hygiene: Thorough handwashing is crucial to prevent the spread of infection. Hand hygiene should be performed regularly, especially before and after using the restroom.Oral Hygiene: Good oral hygiene is essential. It includes brushing teeth immediately after waking up and before bed, flossing...
Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management01:29

Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management

Infective endocarditis (IE) is a chronic infection of the heart's endocardium, primarily affecting the heart valves. A detailed nursing assessment for a patient with IE involves collecting subjective and objective data to ensure an accurate diagnosis and timely intervention.Subjective DataThe nurse gathers information about the patient's symptoms and complaints during the subjective assessment. Patients with infective endocarditis often report non-specific symptoms that can mimic other...
Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

Myocarditis I: Introduction

Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Visualization of Streptococcus pneumoniae within Cardiac Microlesions and Subsequent Cardiac Remodeling
08:25

Visualization of Streptococcus pneumoniae within Cardiac Microlesions and Subsequent Cardiac Remodeling

Published on: April 7, 2015

Cerebral vasculitis and Cardiobacterium valvarum endocarditis.

R Abraham1, R B Irwin2, D Kannappan1

  • 1Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital South Manchester, Southmoor Road, Wythenshawe, Manchester M23 9LT, UK.

Journal of Medical Microbiology
|August 11, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This case report details a fatal aortic and tricuspid native valve endocarditis caused by Cardiobacterium valvarum, a rare Gram-negative bacillus. The infection was complicated by cerebral vasculitis, highlighting diagnostic challenges.

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Cardiology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Native valve endocarditis (NVE) is typically caused by Gram-positive bacteria.
  • Gram-negative bacilli are infrequent etiological agents of NVE, posing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.

Observation:

  • A 65-year-old male presented with aortic and tricuspid native valve endocarditis.
  • Blood cultures isolated Cardiobacterium valvarum, a fastidious Gram-negative bacillus.
  • The patient experienced cerebral vasculitis, a rare complication.

Findings:

  • This is the first reported fatality of Cardiobacterium valvarum endocarditis prior to surgical intervention.
  • This case represents the first documented instance of cerebral vasculitis associated with Cardiobacterium valvarum infection.
  • Identification of Cardiobacterium species may necessitate advanced molecular techniques in reference laboratories.

Implications:

  • Highlights the potential for rare Gram-negative bacilli to cause severe NVE.
  • Underscores the importance of considering unusual pathogens in culture-negative or treatment-refractory endocarditis.
  • Emphasizes the need for specialized diagnostic capabilities for identifying fastidious microorganisms.