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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
Inflammation: Introduction01:28

Inflammation: Introduction

Inflammation is a fundamental, protective biological response of vascularized tissues to cellular injury, infection, or harmful stimuli. Its primary function is to eliminate the initial cause of injury, clear necrotic cells and damaged tissue, and initiate the necessary repair processes.Cardinal SignsAcute inflammation presents with classic signs. Redness results from vasodilation and increased blood flow. Heat is due to increased metabolism and circulation. Swelling results from the...
Inflammation01:38

Inflammation

Overview

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Interrogating Individual Autoreactive Germinal Centers by Photoactivation in a Mixed Chimeric Model of Autoimmunity
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Published on: April 11, 2019

Autoinflammation and autoimmunity: bridging the divide.

A Doria1, M Zen, S Bettio

  • 1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Italy. adoria@unipd.it

Autoimmunity Reviews
|August 11, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Autoinflammatory diseases (AIDs) and autoimmune diseases (ADs) share similarities, differing mainly in their immune system activation pathways. Both conditions involve chronic immune activation and inflammation, suggesting they could be viewed as a spectrum of related disorders.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genetics
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Autoinflammatory diseases (AIDs) and systemic autoimmune diseases (ADs) are often linked due to shared characteristics like self-directed immune responses and systemic inflammation.
  • Both disease categories encompass monogenic and polygenic conditions, affecting genetically predisposed individuals.
  • While AIDs involve direct innate immune system damage, ADs feature innate immune activation of the adaptive immune system.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the relationship between autoinflammatory diseases and autoimmune diseases.
  • To investigate the role of inflammasomes and their related proteins in both disease types.
  • To consider a unified classification for AIDs and ADs based on shared pathological and clinical features.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of pathogenic mechanisms in AIDs and ADs.
  • Review of genetic associations, including inflammasome-related genes (e.g., NOD-like receptors) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).
  • Examination of immune system activation pathways (innate vs. adaptive) in disease pathogenesis.

Main Results:

  • Mutations in inflammasome-related proteins, particularly NOD-like receptor (NLR) genes, are strongly linked to AIDs.
  • The role of inflammasomes in ADs is less clear, but a potential involvement is suggested by their ability to activate adaptive immunity.
  • A specific association between NLRP1 gene SNPs and systemic lupus erythematosus has been reported.

Conclusions:

  • AIDs and ADs share significant pathological and clinical similarities.
  • Inflammasome activation may play a role in both AIDs and certain ADs.
  • These diseases could potentially be viewed as a single spectrum of immune-mediated disorders rather than distinct entities.