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Direct mapping of nuclear shell effects in the heaviest elements.

E Minaya Ramirez1, D Ackermann, K Blaum

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|August 11, 2012
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Summary

Researchers measured nuclear binding energies for nobelium and lawrencium isotopes. These findings help refine the location of the "island of stability" for superheavy elements and confirm shell effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Physics
  • Quantum Mechanics
  • Chemistry

Background:

  • Superheavy elements exhibit enhanced nuclear binding due to quantum-mechanical shell effects, forming a predicted
  • island of stability.
  • ,
  • The precise location and extent of this island remain uncertain, despite the synthesis of elements up to Z = 118.
  • ,
  • High-precision mass spectrometry is crucial for measuring nuclear binding energies and quantifying shell effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To precisely measure nuclear binding energies of nobelium and lawrencium isotopes.
  • To determine the strength of shell effects in this region of the nuclear chart.
  • To refine the predicted location and boundaries of the
  • island of stability.

Main Methods:

  • High-precision mass spectrometry was employed.
  • Measurements were conducted on selected nobelium and lawrencium isotopes.
  • Nuclear binding energies were directly determined from experimental data.

Main Results:

  • Precise nuclear binding energies for nobelium and lawrencium isotopes were obtained.
  • The strength of quantum-mechanical shell effects in these isotopes was quantified.
  • The measurements provide crucial data for pinning down the deformed shell gap at N = 152.

Conclusions:

  • The experimental data contribute to a more accurate understanding of nuclear shell effects.
  • These findings help to better delineate the
  • island of stability
  • for superheavy elements.
  • The study validates the importance of high-precision mass spectrometry in nuclear structure research.