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Blood oxygen level dependent magnetization transfer (BOLDMT) effect.

Kejia Cai1, Mohammad Haris2, Anup Singh2

  • 1Department of Radiology, Center for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging, University of Pennsylvania, B1 Stellar-Chance Laboratories, 422 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19014, USA. kcflying@gmail.com.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|August 11, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Magnetization transfer (MT) contrast is affected by blood oxygenation. Increased oxygenation decreases MT ratio (MTR), revealing a novel blood oxygen dependent MT (BOLDMT) effect that may serve as a tumor oxygen extraction biomarker.

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Area of Science:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
  • Biophysics
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Magnetization transfer (MT) preparation is known to interact with blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) contrast in functional MRI.
  • The underlying mechanisms of this interaction, particularly how blood oxygenation influences MT contrast, remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the direct effect of blood oxygenation on MT contrast.
  • To establish the relationship between blood oxygenation and MT ratio (MTR).
  • To explore the potential of the blood oxygen dependent MT (BOLDMT) effect as a biomarker for tissue oxygen extraction.

Main Methods:

  • Ex vivo and in vivo experiments were conducted to assess MTR changes with varying blood oxygenation levels.
  • Hyperoxia inhalation was used to induce changes in tissue oxygenation in vivo.
  • Simulations were performed to understand the biophysical mechanisms underlying the BOLDMT effect.

Main Results:

  • MT ratio (MTR) was found to decrease with increasing blood oxygenation.
  • Oxygenated blood exhibited lower MTR compared to deoxygenated blood.
  • Hyperoxia inhalation led to a reduction in tissue MTR in vivo, particularly in brain tumor regions.
  • The percentage reduction in MTR (BOLDMT effect) correlated with tissue oxygen extraction levels across different tissues (tumor rim, inner tumor, gray matter, white matter).
  • Simulations suggested that the BOLDMT effect is influenced by changes in tissue T1 and T2 relaxation times due to O(2) dissolution and deoxyhemoglobin concentration.

Conclusions:

  • Blood oxygenation level directly impacts MT contrast, with higher oxygenation leading to decreased MTR.
  • The BOLDMT effect, observed during hyperoxia, shows a strong correlation with tissue oxygen extraction.
  • BOLDMT offers potential as a novel and reliable biomarker for assessing tumor oxygen extraction, with advantages over conventional BOLD contrast regarding B(0) inhomogeneities.