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Updated: May 19, 2026

Using Looming Visual Stimuli to Evaluate Mouse Vision
Published on: June 13, 2019
Melanopsin mediates retrograde visual signaling in the retina
Dao-Qi Zhang1, Michael A Belenky, Patricia J Sollars
1Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, United States of America. zhang@oakland.edu
Abstract:
The canonical flow of visual signals proceeds from outer to inner retina (photoreceptors → bipolar cells → ganglion cells). However, melanopsin-expressing ganglion cells are photosensitive and functional sustained light signaling to retinal dopaminergic interneurons persists in the absence of rods and cones. Here we show that the sustained-type light response of retinal dopamine neurons requires melanopsin and that the response is mediated by AMPA-type glutamate receptors, defining a retrograde retinal visual signaling pathway that fully reverses the usual flow of light signals in retinal circuits.
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