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Measurement of Aerosols Optical Thickness of the Atmosphere using the GLOBE Handheld Sun Photometer
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Spatially refined aerosol direct radiative forcing efficiencies.

Daven K Henze1, Drew T Shindell, Farhan Akhtar

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States. daven.henze@colorado.edu

Environmental Science & Technology
|August 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Adjoint models reveal spatially resolved aerosol direct radiative forcing (DRF) from black carbon, organic carbon, sulfur dioxide, and ammonia emissions. This provides crucial detail for climate policy and emission control strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Climate Science
  • Atmospheric Chemistry
  • Radiative Transfer

Background:

  • Global aerosol direct radiative forcing (DRF) is key to understanding climate impacts from emissions.
  • Current assessments lack the detailed spatial resolution needed for effective policy.
  • Realistic policy options require better quantification of emission perturbation consequences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the use of adjoint model sensitivities for estimating spatially resolved DRF.
  • To quantify DRF from specific aerosol precursors: black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC), sulfur dioxide (SO(2)), and ammonia (NH(3)).
  • To analyze DRF based on emissions from various sectors and countries under Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs).

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing adjoint model sensitivities to calculate DRF.
  • Disaggregating emissions by sector and country for analysis.
  • Applying multiple Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) to model future scenarios.

Main Results:

  • Found significant variations in radiative forcing efficiencies for NH(3), SO(2) (power sector), and BC (various sources) at regional and sectoral levels.
  • Demonstrated that required emission controls to achieve a target DRF can vary by a factor of 4 within continents.
  • Highlighted discrepancies between spatially resolved and average DRF estimates.

Conclusions:

  • Spatially refined aerosol DRF estimates are essential for accurate climate impact assessments.
  • Adjoint modeling provides a robust method for generating these detailed DRF estimates.
  • Incorporating detailed DRF is crucial for designing effective air quality and climate change mitigation policies.