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Sunshine virus in Australian pythons.

Timothy H Hyndman¹, Cathy M Shilton, Robert J T Doneley

¹School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia.

Veterinary Microbiology

|August 14, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Sunshine virus, a novel snake paramyxovirus, causes neurorespiratory illness. This study details its clinical signs, diagnostic methods, and pathology, aiding veterinarians in snake disease diagnosis.

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Area of Science:

Veterinary Virology
Herpetological Pathology
Emerging Infectious Diseases

Background:

Sunshine virus is a novel paramyxovirus identified in snakes.
It is phylogenetically distinct from other known reptilian paramyxoviruses, including Ferlavirus.
Clinical and diagnostic information for Sunshine virus infection is currently limited.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe the clinical presentation, virus isolation, PCR detection, and pathology of Sunshine virus in snakes.
To provide essential diagnostic information for veterinarians dealing with snakeborne illnesses.

Main Methods:

Analysis of clinical records and samples from naturally occurring cases in captive snakes.
Virus isolation attempts from various snake tissues (brain, lung, kidney, liver).
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) testing on fresh-frozen and formalin-fixed tissues, as well as oral-cloacal swabs.

Main Results:

Clinical signs included neurorespiratory or non-specific symptoms like lethargy and inappetence.
Sunshine virus was isolated from brain, lung, and kidney/liver samples.
PCR successfully detected the virus in brain, kidney, lung, liver, and fixed tissues, with high sensitivity in fresh-frozen brain samples (11/11).
Virus shedding was detected in oral-cloacal swabs over a 105-day period during an outbreak.
Histopathology revealed hindbrain white matter spongiosis, gliosis, neuronal necrosis, and mild bronchointerstitial pneumonia.

Conclusions:

Sunshine virus infection in snakes is characterized by neurorespiratory and non-specific clinical signs.
PCR is a sensitive method for detecting Sunshine virus in various tissues.
Characteristic neuropathological findings include spongiosis and gliosis in the hindbrain.
Veterinarians should consider Sunshine virus in snake disease outbreaks, especially those with neurorespiratory involvement.