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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
Assembly of Complex Microtubule Structures01:32

Assembly of Complex Microtubule Structures

Complex microtubule structures are present in resting cells and in dividing cells. In resting cells, they are responsible for maintaining the cellular architecture, tracks for intracellular transport, positioning of organelles, assembly of cilia and flagella. They mediate the bipolar spindle assembly for chromosomal segregation and positioning of the cell division plate in dividing cells. The formation of microtubule complex structures depends on the cell type, cell stage, and cell function.
Neuron Structure01:30

Neuron Structure

Neurons are the main type of cell in the nervous system that generate and transmit electrochemical signals. They primarily communicate with each other using neurotransmitters at specific junctions called synapses. Neurons come in many shapes that often relate to their function, but most share three main structures: an axon and dendrites that extend out from a cell body.
Structure and Function of Neurons
The neuronal cell body—the soma— houses the nucleus and organelles vital to cellular...
Neuron Structure01:31

Neuron Structure

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Differentiation of a Human Neural Stem Cell Line on Three Dimensional Cultures, Analysis of MicroRNA and Putative Target Genes
10:48

Differentiation of a Human Neural Stem Cell Line on Three Dimensional Cultures, Analysis of MicroRNA and Putative Target Genes

Published on: April 12, 2015

MicroRNAs shape the neuronal landscape.

Elizabeth McNeill1, David Van Vactor

  • 1Department of Cell Biology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Neuron
|August 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNAs are key molecular tools regulating gene expression for neural plasticity. Recent advances highlight their role in controlling synaptic form and function, crucial for adaptation and memory.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 19, 2026

Differentiation of a Human Neural Stem Cell Line on Three Dimensional Cultures, Analysis of MicroRNA and Putative Target Genes
10:48

Differentiation of a Human Neural Stem Cell Line on Three Dimensional Cultures, Analysis of MicroRNA and Putative Target Genes

Published on: April 12, 2015

Generating and Co-culturing Murine Primary Microglia and Cortical Neurons
08:47

Generating and Co-culturing Murine Primary Microglia and Cortical Neurons

Published on: July 26, 2024

Isolation of Region-specific Microglia from One Adult Mouse Brain Hemisphere for Deep Single-cell RNA Sequencing
09:49

Isolation of Region-specific Microglia from One Adult Mouse Brain Hemisphere for Deep Single-cell RNA Sequencing

Published on: December 3, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The nervous system's adaptability relies on neural circuits and molecular mechanisms.
  • Cellular state changes, vital for development and memory, are influenced by posttranscriptional gene regulation.
  • MicroRNAs are integral to the epigenetic landscape, regulating gene networks in the brain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding microRNA-mediated regulation.
  • To explore the role of microRNAs in synaptic form and function.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on microRNA function.
  • Analysis of microRNA's impact on gene expression and translation.
  • Focus on microRNA's role in synaptic plasticity.

Main Results:

  • MicroRNAs are critical regulators of messenger RNA levels and translation.
  • These mechanisms contribute to cellular plasticity and adaptive responses.
  • MicroRNA-mediated regulation impacts synaptic structure and neuronal communication.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNAs are essential molecular tools for neural adaptation and plasticity.
  • Understanding microRNA regulation of synapses is advancing rapidly.
  • This field offers insights into processes from development to memory formation.