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Related Concept Videos

Pericarditis I: Introduction01:22

Pericarditis I: Introduction

Pericarditis is defined as the inflammation of the pericardium, the thin, sac-like membrane surrounding the heart. This condition can cause significant chest pain and other symptoms, often necessitating medical intervention. The pericardium has two layers: the inner visceral layer and the outer parietal layer, separated by a small amount of fluid that reduces friction during heartbeats.Types of PericarditisPericarditis can be classified into several types based on the duration and nature of the...
Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

Myocarditis I: Introduction

Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Pericarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:19

Pericarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Pericarditis is distinguished by inflammation of the pericardium, the fibrous sac that encases the heart. It can be acute, lasting less than six weeks, or chronic, persisting for over three months. Understanding its clinical manifestations and diagnostic findings is crucial for timely and effective management.Clinical ManifestationsWhile pericarditis can be asymptomatic, it usually presents with characteristic symptoms such as:Chest Pain: The most characteristic symptom of pericarditis is chest...
Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
Pericarditis III: Medical Management01:17

Pericarditis III: Medical Management

The primary objectives of managing pericarditis are to determine the underlying cause, provide effective therapy for treatment and symptom relief, and promptly detect signs and symptoms of cardiac tamponade. The following outlines the essential aspects of medical management for pericarditis:ObjectivesDetermine the Cause: Identifying the underlying cause of pericarditis is crucial for targeted treatment. Causes include viral infections, autoimmune diseases, post-cardiac injury syndrome, and...

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Flow Cytometry-Based Quantification and Analysis of Myocardial B-Cells
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Recurrent pericarditis: autoimmune or autoinflammatory?

Silvia Maestroni1, Paola Rita Di Corato, Davide Cumetti

  • 1Internal Medicine, Ospedali Riuniti, Bergamo, Italy. smaestroni@ospedaliriuniti.bergamo.it

Autoimmunity Reviews
|August 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Idiopathic recurrent acute pericarditis (IRAP) can be linked to autoinflammatory diseases. A small percentage of patients with IRAP carry a TNFRSF1A gene mutation, suggesting a role for tumor necrosis factor-alfa in the condition.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Idiopathic recurrent acute pericarditis (IRAP) affects up to 50% of patients with acute pericarditis.
  • IRAP is suspected to be immune-mediated, with potential links to subclinical autoinflammatory diseases.
  • Autoinflammatory diseases are genetic disorders involving innate immune system dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the genetic underpinnings of idiopathic recurrent acute pericarditis (IRAP).
  • To explore the potential role of autoinflammatory disease mechanisms in IRAP.
  • To identify specific gene mutations associated with IRAP.

Main Methods:

  • Screening IRAP patients for mutations associated with familial Mediterranean fever.
  • Genotyping 131 IRAP patients for mutations in the TNFRSF1A gene.
  • Monitoring disease activity using C-reactive protein (CRP) levels.

Main Results:

  • No mutations associated with familial Mediterranean fever were found in IRAP patients.
  • 6% (8/131) of IRAP patients carried a mutation in the TNFRSF1A gene.
  • C-reactive protein (CRP) normalization can guide therapy duration.

Conclusions:

  • A subset of IRAP patients may have an autoinflammatory basis linked to TNFRSF1A mutations.
  • Multidrug therapy including NSAIDs, corticosteroids, and colchicine is often required.
  • Anakinra is a potential treatment option for patients intolerant to other therapies.