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Endoscopic Studies I: Bronchoscopy and Thoracoscopy

Endoscopic Studies I: Bronchoscopy and Thoracoscopy

Endoscopy is a non-surgical medical technique used to examine a person's internal organs and vessels. This lesson will focus on two types of endoscopic studies: bronchoscopy and thoracoscopy.
Bronchoscopy
Description
Bronchoscopy is a procedure that involves direct visualization of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. A flexible fiber optic or rigid bronchoscope is used to carry out the procedure. The fiber-optic bronchoscope is more frequently used due to...

Pneumothorax-II

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Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

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Chest Physiotherapy

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Anatomical Features:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Laparoscopic Choledochal Cyst Excision and Roux-en-Y Choledochojejunostomy in Adults

Laparoscopic Choledochal Cyst Excision and Roux-en-Y Choledochojejunostomy in Adults

Published on: February 28, 2025

Bronchogenic cyst: best time for surgery?

Lucile Fievet¹, Xavier Benoit D'Journo, Jean Michel Guys

¹Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hôpital Timone Enfant, Aix-Marseille University and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France.

The Annals of Thoracic Surgery

|August 14, 2012

Summary

Early surgical resection of bronchogenic cysts (BCs) is recommended. Performing surgery between 6-12 months of life, after prenatal diagnosis, reduces complications and preserves lung tissue.

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Last Updated: May 19, 2026

Laparoscopic Choledochal Cyst Excision and Roux-en-Y Choledochojejunostomy in Adults

Laparoscopic Choledochal Cyst Excision and Roux-en-Y Choledochojejunostomy in Adults

Published on: February 28, 2025

Area of Science:

Pediatric Surgery
Thoracic Surgery
Congenital Anomalies

Background:

Bronchogenic cysts (BCs) are congenital mediastinal tumors with an unclear natural history.
Adults often undergo thoracotomy for BCs due to complications.
Prenatal diagnosis enables early intervention, but optimal timing is debated.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the optimal surgical timing for bronchogenic cysts.
To compare outcomes between pediatric and adult patients with BCs.

Main Methods:

Retrospective review of 36 patients (11 children, 25 adults) with BCs from 2000-2011.
Comparison of clinical history, cyst size, hospitalization duration, and complications.
Analysis of inflammatory elements in resected cysts.

Main Results:

Children had smaller cysts (2.2 cm vs 6.5 cm) and lower inflammatory rates (18% vs 84%) compared to adults.
Pediatric patients had shorter hospital stays (4.45 days vs 8 days).
Adults required more complex procedures and had higher complication rates.

Conclusions:

Early surgical resection of BCs improves pulmonary parenchyma conservation.
Timely intervention lowers the incidence of inflammatory lesions and reduces complications.
Surgical intervention between 6-12 months of life, following prenatal diagnosis, is recommended.