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Related Concept Videos

Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:24

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
Paramagnetism01:30

Paramagnetism

Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...
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Imaging Studies I: CT and MRI

Introduction: MRI and CT scans are crucial advancements in medical imaging techniques, playing a vital role in diagnosing conditions related to the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Each scan serves distinct purposes, targets specific areas, and requires unique nursing duties.
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Computed Tomography (CT) scan:
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Preparation and In Vitro Characterization of Dendrimer-based Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Paramagnetic nanoparticle T1 and T2 MRI contrast agents.

Wenlong Xu1, Krishna Kattel, Ja Young Park

  • 1Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Taegu 702-701, South Korea.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
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Paramagnetic nanoparticles (NPs) show promise as advanced magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents (MRI CAs). Ultrasmall, surface-coated NPs offer enhanced sensitivity and renal excretion for improved in vivo diagnostics and potential therapeutic applications.

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Published on: November 20, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Biomedical Imaging
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents (MRI CAs) are crucial for disease diagnosis.
  • There is a high demand for novel MRI CAs with improved sensitivity and advanced functionalities.
  • Paramagnetic nanoparticles (NPs) are emerging as promising candidates for next-generation MRI CAs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review paramagnetic nanoparticles (NPs) as potential T(1) or T(2) MRI CAs.
  • To explore the characteristics and applications of surface-coated lanthanide and manganese oxide NPs.
  • To discuss the advantages of ultrasmall NPs for in vivo imaging and drug delivery.

Main Methods:

  • Review of surface-coated lanthanide (Ln) oxide NPs (Ln = Gd, Dy, Ho) and manganese oxide NPs.
  • Focus on ultrasmall core particle diameters (1-3 nm) for NPs.
  • Discussion of biocompatible and hydrophilic surface coatings.

Main Results:

  • Surface-coated paramagnetic NPs exhibit sufficient magnetic properties for MRI CAs despite their small size.
  • Ultrasmall NPs (1-3 nm) facilitate renal excretion, a key requirement for in vivo applications.
  • Mixed lanthanide oxide NPs can serve as dual MRI-fluorescent imaging agents.

Conclusions:

  • Paramagnetic NPs offer a viable alternative to conventional MRI CAs, with potential for enhanced sensitivity and functionality.
  • Ultrasmall, surface-coated NPs are suitable for in vivo applications due to their size and excretability.
  • Functionalized NPs hold promise for targeted imaging, multiplex imaging, and drug delivery systems.