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Related Concept Videos

Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells01:19

Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells

Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own EpiSCs...
Healing II: Complications01:24

Healing II: Complications

Complications during healing arise when tissue repair is altered by local or systemic factors. These changes involve abnormal collagen deposition, altered biomechanics, and reduced vascular supply, impairing restoration of normal structure and function.Loss of FunctionScar tissue differs significantly from the original tissue it replaces. In the skin, fibrosis lacks adnexal structures such as hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands. Their absence reduces tactile sensitivity, impairs...
Phases of Wound Repair01:28

Phases of Wound Repair

Following injury, the integrity of the injured tissues must be reestablished. For example, in skin tissue, wound repair involves coordination among resident skin cells, blood mononuclear cells, extracellular matrix, growth factors, and cytokines to complete the healing cascade.
Formation of Blood Clot
In case of deep injuries, trauma to blood vessels results in blood loss. In the meantime, phospholipids released from the ruptured endothelial cellular membrane are converted into arachidonic...
Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells01:12

Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells

The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular cells,...
Overview of Regeneration and Repair01:19

Overview of Regeneration and Repair

Regeneration and repair processes are critical in healing damages caused by injury, disease, and aging. In regeneration, the damaged tissue is entirely replaced with new growth that restores the original architecture and function. In contrast, tissue repair usually results in a fixed tissue architecture involving scar formation. Scars generally do not reestablish tissue function and may also exhibit structural abnormalities at the injury site.
Regeneration
All animals have varying degrees of...
MAPK Signaling Cascades01:07

MAPK Signaling Cascades

Mitogen-activated protein kinase, or MAPK pathway, activates three sequential kinases to regulate cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. The canonical MAPK pathway starts with a mitogen or growth factor binding to an RTK. The activated RTKs stimulate Ras, which recruits Raf or MAP3 Kinase (MAPKKK), the first kinase of the MAPK signaling cascade. Raf further phosphorylates and activates MEK or MAP2 Kinases (MAPKK), which in turn phosphorylates MAP...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

A Mouse Model of Mechanotransduction-driven, Human-like Hypertrophic Scarring
05:54

A Mouse Model of Mechanotransduction-driven, Human-like Hypertrophic Scarring

Published on: November 29, 2024

Mechanosignaling pathways in cutaneous scarring.

Chenyu Huang1, Satoshi Akaishi, Rei Ogawa

  • 1Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.

Archives of Dermatological Research
|August 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Recent advances in scar mechanosignaling reveal key pathways like TGF-β/Smad and integrins. Understanding these cellular signals offers new therapeutic targets for preventing or reversing scar formation.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 19, 2026

A Mouse Model of Mechanotransduction-driven, Human-like Hypertrophic Scarring
05:54

A Mouse Model of Mechanotransduction-driven, Human-like Hypertrophic Scarring

Published on: November 29, 2024

Visualizing Scar Development Using SCAD Assay - An Ex-situ Skin Scarring Assay
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Visualizing Scar Development Using SCAD Assay - An Ex-situ Skin Scarring Assay

Published on: April 28, 2022

In Vitro Model of Human Cutaneous Hypertrophic Scarring using Macromolecular Crowding
08:20

In Vitro Model of Human Cutaneous Hypertrophic Scarring using Macromolecular Crowding

Published on: May 1, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Mechanotransduction converts physical forces into cellular biochemical signals.
  • Cutaneous scar formation and progression are influenced by molecular pathways.
  • Understanding scar mechanosignaling is crucial for clinical and fundamental insights.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in scar mechanosignaling research.
  • To categorize pathways involved in scar development.
  • To highlight interactions between mechanosignaling and other cellular processes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent scar mechanosignaling research.
  • Categorization of mechanosignaling pathways based on evidence.
  • Analysis of pathway interactions with extracellular matrix and other signaling cascades.

Main Results:

  • Identified proven pathways: TGF-β/Smad, integrin, and calcium ion.
  • Identified potential pathways: MAPK, G protein, Wnt/β-catenin, TNF-α/NF-κB, and interleukins.
  • Mechanosignaling pathways interact with the extracellular matrix and crosstalk with hypoxia, inflammation, and angiogenesis pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Elucidation of scar mechanosignaling pathways provides a novel platform for understanding scar development.
  • This understanding may facilitate the development of pharmacological interventions.
  • Potential to prevent, reduce, or reverse scar formation or progression.