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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
Maintenance of the ES Cell State01:14

Maintenance of the ES Cell State

The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...

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Updated: May 19, 2026

Differentiation of a Human Neural Stem Cell Line on Three Dimensional Cultures, Analysis of MicroRNA and Putative Target Genes
10:48

Differentiation of a Human Neural Stem Cell Line on Three Dimensional Cultures, Analysis of MicroRNA and Putative Target Genes

Published on: April 12, 2015

miRNAs in ESC differentiation.

Emanuele Berardi1, Matthias Pues, Lieven Thorrez

  • 1Laboratory of Translational Cardiomyology, Department of Development and Regeneration, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.

American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology
|August 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial for embryonic stem cell gene regulation and differentiation. This review details miRNA roles in maintaining pluripotency and guiding cell fate during development.

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Characterization of Functionally Associated miRNAs in Glioblastoma and their Engineering into Artificial Clusters for Gene Therapy

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs regulating gene expression via mRNA degradation or translation inhibition.
  • They play vital roles in embryonic stem cell (ESC) pluripotency, repressing key genes like Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog.
  • miRNA biogenesis involves a unique hairpin precursor structure, distinguishing them from other small RNAs like siRNAs and piRNAs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of current knowledge on miRNA expression and regulation in ESC differentiation.
  • To highlight insights into controlling stem cell fate toward specific germ layers (mesodermal, endodermal, ectodermal).
  • To discuss the role of miRNAs in cell reprogramming.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current research on miRNA function in stem cells.
  • Analysis of miRNA biogenesis pathways and regulatory mechanisms.
  • Synthesis of findings on miRNA involvement in differentiation and reprogramming.

Main Results:

  • miRNAs are essential for maintaining the pluripotent state of ESCs.
  • Specific miRNAs regulate differentiation into mesodermal, endodermal, and ectodermal lineages.
  • miRNAs are implicated in the process of cell reprogramming.

Conclusions:

  • miRNAs are critical regulators of embryonic stem cell fate and mammalian development.
  • Understanding miRNA regulation is key to controlling stem cell differentiation and reprogramming.
  • Further research into miRNA mechanisms will advance regenerative medicine and developmental biology.