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Related Concept Videos

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Use of Interferon-&gamma; Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay to Characterize Novel T-cell Epitopes of Human Papillomavirus
13:41

Use of Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay to Characterize Novel T-cell Epitopes of Human Papillomavirus

Published on: March 8, 2012

Specific CD8⁺ T cells recognize human herpesvirus 6B.

Larissa K Martin1, Andrea Schub, Stefan Dillinger

  • 1Clinical Cooperation Group Immunooncology, Department of Medicine III, Klinikum der Universität München and Department of Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.

European Journal of Immunology
|August 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Researchers identified CD8(+) T-cell responses to human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) in healthy carriers. These T cells target HHV-6B-infected cells, suggesting a role in controlling persistent viral infections and potential therapeutic strategies.

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Whole Blood Assay with Dual Co-Stimulation for Antigen-Specific Analysis of Host Immunity to Fungal and Viral Pathogens
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Whole Blood Assay with Dual Co-Stimulation for Antigen-Specific Analysis of Host Immunity to Fungal and Viral Pathogens

Published on: September 20, 2024

Use of Single Chain MHC Technology to Investigate Co-agonism in Human CD8+ T Cell Activation
12:09

Use of Single Chain MHC Technology to Investigate Co-agonism in Human CD8+ T Cell Activation

Published on: February 28, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 19, 2026

Use of Interferon-&gamma; Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay to Characterize Novel T-cell Epitopes of Human Papillomavirus
13:41

Use of Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay to Characterize Novel T-cell Epitopes of Human Papillomavirus

Published on: March 8, 2012

Whole Blood Assay with Dual Co-Stimulation for Antigen-Specific Analysis of Host Immunity to Fungal and Viral Pathogens
06:03

Whole Blood Assay with Dual Co-Stimulation for Antigen-Specific Analysis of Host Immunity to Fungal and Viral Pathogens

Published on: September 20, 2024

Use of Single Chain MHC Technology to Investigate Co-agonism in Human CD8+ T Cell Activation
12:09

Use of Single Chain MHC Technology to Investigate Co-agonism in Human CD8+ T Cell Activation

Published on: February 28, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Human Herpesviruses

Background:

  • Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is a significant human pathogen, but mechanisms of infection control in carriers and disease pathogenesis remain unclear.
  • Antigen-specific T-cell surveillance is crucial for controlling persistent viruses, yet HHV-6-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses are poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize CD8(+) T-cell responses against human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) in healthy individuals.
  • To investigate the functional capabilities of HHV-6B-specific CD8(+) T cells in controlling viral infection.

Main Methods:

  • Generation and analysis of CD8(+) T-cell lines and clones from healthy HHV-6B carriers.
  • Peptide mapping using HLA-A2-restricted epitopes from HHV-6B structural proteins (U54, U11).
  • Assessment of antiviral effector functions, including cytokine production and target cell killing.

Main Results:

  • Identified HLA-A2-restricted CD8(+) T-cell responses targeting HHV-6B peptides from U54 and U11 proteins.
  • Demonstrated that these CD8(+) T cells recognize and kill HHV-6B-infected CD4(+) T cells.
  • Observed specific recognition of HHV-6B but not HHV-6A-infected cells, indicating species specificity.

Conclusions:

  • HHV-6B-specific CD8(+) T cells play a role in controlling HHV-6B infection in healthy carriers, despite viral immune evasion strategies.
  • These findings suggest that therapies aimed at restoring or enhancing HHV-6B-specific CD8(+) T-cell immunity could be beneficial for treating HHV-6-associated diseases.