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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Macrophage Cholesterol Depletion and Its Effect on the Phagocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans

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Published on: December 19, 2014

Bacterial infection of macrophages induces decrease in refractive index.

Andrew E Ekpenyong¹, Si Ming Man, Sarra Achouri

¹Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

Journal of Biophotonics

|August 14, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Digital holographic microscopy reveals Salmonella infection significantly reduces host cell refractive index. This pathogen-induced change is independent of inflammation or cell death, suggesting DHM for real-time pathogen monitoring.

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Published on: June 15, 2020

Area of Science:

Cell biology
Microscopy
Infectious diseases

Background:

Pathogen infection causes host cell structural and biochemical changes.
Label-free imaging is crucial for studying these dynamic cellular modifications.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate structural modifications in host cells during Salmonella infection using digital holographic microscopy (DHM).
To determine if refractive index changes in infected cells are pathogen-induced and related to inflammation or cell death.

Main Methods:

Utilized digital holographic microscopy (DHM) for label-free imaging.
Measured the integral refractive index (RI) distribution of primary murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM).
Compared RI in BMDM infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium versus uninfected cells, including caspase-1 deficient cells.

Main Results:

Salmonella-infected BMDM exhibited a significant reduction in refractive index (RI) compared to uninfected cells.
Infected BMDM from caspase-1 deficient mice also showed a similar decrease in RI.
These findings indicate the RI reduction is pathogen-induced and not dependent on caspase-1-mediated inflammation or cell death.

Conclusions:

The observed decrease in refractive index of Salmonella-infected BMDM is a direct result of the pathogen.
Digital holographic microscopy (DHM) shows potential for real-time monitoring of host-pathogen interactions.
This label-free technique offers a novel approach to study cellular responses to infection.