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Related Concept Videos

Parkinson's Disease: Overview01:15

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is to...
Parkinson Disease l: Introduction01:24

Parkinson Disease l: Introduction

Parkinson’s disease is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects movement. It is characterized by motor symptoms such as resting tremors, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and postural instability. Patients may notice hand tremors at rest, stiffness during movement, or a shuffling gait. In addition to motor features, non-motor symptoms include sleep disturbances, mood and behavioral changes, constipation, and cognitive impairment, all of which...
Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:24

Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting movement, with additional non-motor features. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, and cellular dysfunction, including dopaminergic neuron loss, protein aggregation, and mitochondrial impairment.Selective NeurodegenerationA key feature is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to reduced...
Parkinson's Disease: Treatment01:24

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment

Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
Parkinson's Disease is primarily a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The cornerstone of its...
Alterations in Muscle Tone lll01:11

Alterations in Muscle Tone lll

Rigidity and myotonia are distinct abnormalities of muscle tone that affect resistance and relaxation during movement. Although both involve altered muscle contraction, they arise from different neurological and muscular mechanisms.CharacteristicsRigidity is characterized by uniform resistance to passive movement across the entire range, independent of speed, affecting flexors and extensors equally. It may appear as lead-pipe rigidity (smooth, constant resistance) or cogwheel rigidity...

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Related Experiment Video

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An Instrumented Pull Test to Characterize Postural Responses
12:18

An Instrumented Pull Test to Characterize Postural Responses

Published on: April 6, 2019

Static posturography in aging and Parkinson's disease.

Guntram W Ickenstein1, Helmut Ambach, Antonia Klöditz

  • 1Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, HELIOS General Hospital Aue, University of Dresden Dresden, Germany.

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
|August 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Static posturography effectively quantifies balance deficits in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and elderly individuals. The platform Romberg test, particularly with eyes closed, reveals significant postural control differences, aiding clinical assessment.

Keywords:
Parkinson's diseaseRomberg-testagingbalance testingposturography

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Biomechanics
  • Geriatrics

Background:

  • Clinical evaluation of postural control relies on neurological exams like the Romberg test.
  • Quantitative posturographic methods for postural control are not yet standard in clinical practice.
  • This study aimed to identify quantifiable posturographic parameters for balance assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify objective posturographic parameters for evaluating postural control.
  • To compare balance control in Parkinson's disease patients versus healthy controls using static posturography.
  • To assess the utility of posturography in clinical routine for geriatric and PD patient assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study comparing Parkinson's disease (PD) patients (n=12) with age-matched healthy adults (HAC, n=10) and young healthy controls (HYC, n=21).
  • Utilized a static posturographic platform to perform the Romberg test with eyes open and eyes closed.
  • Neurological examination, including the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), was also performed.

Main Results:

  • PD patients exhibited significantly greater sway, radius, and area on the platform Romberg test (eyes open) compared to HAC and HYC.
  • With eyes closed, PD patients showed significantly greater sway and radius compared to both control groups.
  • Age-related balance changes were detectable with eyes closed, highlighting the sensitivity of this condition.

Conclusions:

  • Static posturography, especially the platform Romberg test with eyes closed, objectively quantifies balance differences in PD patients and the elderly.
  • Computerized balance testing can aid geriatric assessments by identifying balance problems, particularly using parameters like marked area and mean sway.
  • This approach offers a valuable tool for clinical routine assessment of postural control.