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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition
12:49

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition

Published on: July 13, 2019

Altering automatic verbal processes with transcranial direct current stimulation.

Tracy D Vannorsdall1, David J Schretlen, Megan Andrejczuk

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD, USA.

Frontiers in Psychiatry
|August 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can selectively influence word retrieval processes. Anodal tDCS enhanced automatic word clustering during fluency tasks, while cathodal tDCS did not.

Keywords:
clusteringswitchingtranscranial direct current stimulationverbal fluency

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Last Updated: May 19, 2026

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition
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Published on: September 26, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Verbal fluency tasks involve automatic and controlled cognitive processes for word retrieval.
  • Word retrieval is characterized by generating word clusters (automatic) and switching between them (controlled).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if anodal and cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) differentially modulate automatic and controlled lexical retrieval processes.
  • To assess the effects of tDCS on clustering and switching during verbal fluency tasks in healthy adults.

Main Methods:

  • A single-blind, sham-controlled experiment involving 24 healthy adults.
  • Participants received anodal or cathodal tDCS (1 mA) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, or sham stimulation, in a counterbalanced order.
  • Cognitive activities and verbal fluency tasks (letter- and category-cued) were performed during stimulation.

Main Results:

  • Anodal tDCS led to a trend of increased word production on category-cued tasks compared to sham stimulation (25.9 vs. 23.0 words).
  • A significant net increase in clustered words was observed during anodal tDCS, whereas cathodal tDCS resulted in a net decrease (-1.5 words; p=0.038).

Conclusions:

  • Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can selectively alter automatic aspects of speeded lexical retrieval.
  • The observed effects are polarity-dependent, with anodal tDCS enhancing clustering during category-guided fluency tasks.