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Related Concept Videos

Nose and Nasal Cavity01:24

Nose and Nasal Cavity

The nose is composed of an observable exterior segment (external nose) and an internal segment within the skull known as the nasal cavity (internal nose). The external nose, visible on the face, consists of a framework of bone and hyaline cartilage enveloped in skin and muscle and lined with a mucous membrane. This structure is supported by the frontal bone, nasal bones, and maxillary bone and is supplemented by a cartilaginous framework comprising the septal nasal cartilage, lateral nasal...
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Updated: May 19, 2026

Modeling and Simulations of Olfactory Drug Delivery with Passive and Active Controls of Nasally Inhaled Pharmaceutical Aerosols
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Deviated nasal septum hinders intranasal sprays: a computer simulation study.

D O Frank1, J S Kimbell, D Cannon

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. dennis_frank@med.unc.edu

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Summary

Deviated nasal septum significantly reduces nasal spray deposition on the obstructed side. Nasal airflow increases particle penetration, while head position impacts deposition when airflow is absent.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Deviated nasal septum is a common condition affecting nasal airflow and drug delivery.
  • Understanding particle deposition is crucial for optimizing nasal spray efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of septal deviation on nasal spray particle deposition.
  • To analyze the influence of inspiratory airflow and head position on particle transport.

Main Methods:

  • A 3D computational fluid dynamics model of a deviated nose was used.
  • Simulations analyzed spray particle deposition (20-110 μm) under varying airflow and head positions.

Main Results:

  • Septal deviation reduced deposition on the obstructed side by ~4x with airflow.
  • Without airflow, deposition decreased 16-69% and was influenced by head position.

Conclusions:

  • Septal deviation significantly impairs drug delivery to the obstructed nasal side.
  • Nasal airflow enhances particle penetration, and head position is critical when airflow is absent.