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Related Concept Videos

Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy01:22

Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy

Cells respond to damage and stress through highly coordinated processes that decide whether they survive or undergo controlled self-destruction. Two major pathways involved in this regulation are apoptosis, a type of programmed cell death, and autophagy, a survival mechanism that helps cells adapt to adverse conditions.ApoptosisApoptosis removes aged or injured cells to maintain tissue balance. During this process, the cell shrinks, chromatin condenses and fragments, and membrane-bound...
Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and pro-apoptotic...
Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

Cells of the Innate Immune Response

The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
Overview of Cell Death01:30

Overview of Cell Death

Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the 20th century...
Necrosis01:16

Necrosis

Necrosis is considered as an “accidental” or unexpected form of cell death that ends in cell lysis. The first noticeable mention of “necrosis” was in 1859 when Rudolf Virchow used this term to describe advanced tissue breakdown in his compilation titled “Cell Pathology”.
Morphological Manifestations of Necrosis
Necrotic cells show different types of morphological appearance depending on the type of tissue and infection. In coagulative necrosis, cells become anucleated and die, but their...
Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes01:25

Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes

Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
Natural Killer Cells: The Fast Responders
NK cells are large granular lymphocytes found in the blood and lymphatic system. These...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Identification of Intracellular Signaling Events Induced in Viable Cells by Interaction with Neighboring Cells Undergoing Apoptotic Cell Death
09:18

Identification of Intracellular Signaling Events Induced in Viable Cells by Interaction with Neighboring Cells Undergoing Apoptotic Cell Death

Published on: December 27, 2016

Programmed necrosis and autophagy in immune function.

Jennifer V Lu1, Craig M Walsh

  • 1Institute for Immunology and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.

Immunological Reviews
|August 15, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Programmed necrosis (necroptosis) and autophagy are crucial for immune system function. This review explores their roles in innate and adaptive immunity and their potential interactions.

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Last Updated: May 19, 2026

Identification of Intracellular Signaling Events Induced in Viable Cells by Interaction with Neighboring Cells Undergoing Apoptotic Cell Death
09:18

Identification of Intracellular Signaling Events Induced in Viable Cells by Interaction with Neighboring Cells Undergoing Apoptotic Cell Death

Published on: December 27, 2016

Neutrophil Lifespan Extension with CLON-G and an In Vitro Spontaneous Death Assay
05:52

Neutrophil Lifespan Extension with CLON-G and an In Vitro Spontaneous Death Assay

Published on: May 12, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Apoptosis is essential for adaptive immunity, particularly in generating self-tolerant lymphocytes.
  • Programmed necrosis (necroptosis) and autophagy also play significant roles in innate and adaptive immune responses.
  • Cell death via death receptor ligation is not solely apoptosis; necroptosis occurs when caspases are inactive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the roles of necroptosis and autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity.
  • To explore the interplay between necroptosis and autophagy in immune regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on necroptosis and autophagy in immunity.
  • Analysis of signaling pathways involving death receptors, RIP1, and RIP3 kinases.
  • Examination of the relationship between cellular metabolism and these cell death pathways.

Main Results:

  • Necroptosis is a programmed necrosis dependent on RIP1 and RIP3 kinases, forming necrosomes.
  • Necroptosis signaling impacts cellular energetic metabolism.
  • Autophagy is involved in cellular metabolic regulation and has unique immune functions.

Conclusions:

  • Necroptosis and autophagy are critical regulators of both innate and adaptive immunity.
  • The interaction between necroptosis and autophagy presents intriguing possibilities for immune modulation.