An Fe3O4-nanoparticles-based amperometric biosensor for creatine determination.

Area of Science:

• Electrochemistry
• Nanomaterials Science
• Biosensor Technology

Background:

• Development of sensitive and selective biosensors is crucial for accurate analyte detection.
• Carbon paste electrodes (CPEs) are widely used but can be improved for enhanced electron transfer and surface area.
• Iron(III) oxide (Fe(3)O(4)) nanoparticles offer unique electrochemical properties for surface modification.

Purpose of the Study:

• To design and characterize an amperometric biosensor for creatine detection.
• To investigate the effect of Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles on electrode performance.
• To optimize the biosensor for sensitive and reliable creatine quantification.

Main Methods:

• Fabrication of a carbon paste electrode modified with Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles.
• Electrochemical characterization using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).
• Optimization of pH, buffer concentration, working potential, and enzyme loading (creatinase and sarcosine oxidase).

Main Results:

• Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticle modification significantly enhanced electrode surface area and conductivity.
• The optimized biosensor demonstrated linear responses in two ranges: 2.0 × 10⁻⁷ to 3.8 × 10⁻⁶ mol L⁻¹ and 9.0 × 10⁻⁶ to 1.2 × 10⁻⁴ mol L⁻¹.
• A low detection limit of 2.0 × 10⁻⁷ mol L⁻¹ was achieved, with good performance in analyzing creatine in commercial powder samples.

Conclusions:

• Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticle-modified carbon paste electrodes provide a sensitive platform for amperometric creatine detection.
• The developed biosensor exhibits excellent sensing performance and potential for practical applications in creatine analysis.
• Nanoparticle-based electrode modification is an effective strategy for improving biosensor sensitivity and efficiency.