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Cytomegalovirus Disease

Cytomegalovirus Disease

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...

Viral Recombination

Viral Recombination

Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.

Viral Meningitis

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

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Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...

Hepatitis

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Use of In vivo Imaging to Monitor the Progression of Experimental Mouse Cytomegalovirus Infection in Neonates

Use of In vivo Imaging to Monitor the Progression of Experimental Mouse Cytomegalovirus Infection in Neonates

Published on: July 6, 2013

Cytomegalovirus infections.

¹Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, The University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84113, USA. james.bale@hsc.utah.edu

Seminars in Pediatric Neurology

|August 15, 2012

Summary

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a common herpesvirus infection that frequently causes neurological disorders in infants and children. This review covers HCMV epidemiology, clinical symptoms, and strategies for treatment and prevention.

Area of Science:

Virology
Neurology
Infectious Diseases

Background:

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a ubiquitous human herpesvirus, is a significant global health concern.
HCMV infection is a leading cause of congenital disabilities and neurological complications in immunocompromised individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a comprehensive summary of current knowledge on HCMV.
To consolidate information on HCMV epidemiology, clinical features, therapeutic interventions, and preventive measures.

Main Methods:

Literature review of existing research on Human cytomegalovirus.
Synthesis of epidemiological data, clinical case studies, and treatment/prevention trial results.

Main Results:

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Intracerebroventricular and Intravascular Injection of Viral Particles and Fluorescent Microbeads into the Neonatal Brain

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qPCR Is a Sensitive and Rapid Method for Detection of Cytomegaloviral DNA in Formalin-fixed, Paraffin-embedded Biopsy Tissue

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HCMV infection presents diverse clinical manifestations, ranging from asymptomatic to severe neurological impairment.

Congenital HCMV infection acquired in utero poses a substantial risk for long-term neurological sequelae.

Effective treatment and prevention strategies are crucial for mitigating HCMV-associated morbidity.

Conclusions:

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection necessitates ongoing research and public health attention due to its significant impact on neurological health.
A thorough understanding of HCMV epidemiology, clinical presentation, and management is essential for healthcare providers.
Continued efforts in developing advanced diagnostics, antivirals, and vaccines are critical for controlling HCMV-related diseases.