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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
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Plant cells communicate to coordinate their cycle of growth, flowering and fruiting, and activities in roots, shoots, and leaves in response to the changing environmental conditions. Plant signaling is distinct from animal signaling. Plants primarily utilize enzyme-linked receptors, whereas the largest class of cell-surface receptors in animals are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Unlike animals, receptor tyrosine kinases are rare in plants. Instead, plants have a diverse class of...
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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
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mirMachine: A One-Stop Shop for Plant miRNA Annotation
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MicroRNA miR396 and RDR6 synergistically regulate leaf development.

Martin A Mecchia1, Juan M Debernardi, Ramiro E Rodriguez

  • 1IBR (Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario), CONICET and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina.

Mechanisms of Development
|August 15, 2012
PubMed
Summary

MicroRNA miR396 and trans-acting siRNA pathways interact to control plant leaf development. This study reveals synergistic genetic interactions affecting organ shape and size in Arabidopsis thaliana.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression.
  • miR396 targets GROWTH-REGULATING FACTORs (GRFs), influencing cell proliferation in plants.
  • Overexpression of miR396 leads to reduced GRFs and smaller leaf size.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the function of the miR396 regulatory network in leaf development.
  • To identify genetic interactions between miR396 and other developmental pathways.
  • To understand the mechanisms controlling organ shape and size.

Main Methods:

  • Performed a mutant enhancer screen of a 35S:miR396b transgenic Arabidopsis line.
  • Analyzed mutants in the as2 and rdr6 backgrounds.
  • Investigated genetic interactions with trans-acting siRNA (ta-siRNA) biogenesis mutants (RDR6, SGS3, AGO7).
  • Examined the effect of TCP4, a miR396 inducer, on leaf development.

Main Results:

  • Mutants in as2 and rdr6 enhanced the miR396-induced small leaf phenotype, causing lotus- or needle-like organs.
  • Overexpression of miR396 in rdr6 mutants resulted in severe defects like pin-like organs and lobed leaves.
  • Synergistic interactions were observed between miR396, RDR6, and AS2 pathways.
  • miR396 overexpression above a threshold induced lotus- and pin-like organs.
  • Mutants with high TCP4 levels interacted with the AS1/AS2 pathway to produce lotus-like organs.

Conclusions:

  • The miR396 regulatory network and ta-siRNA biogenesis pathway act synergistically in leaf development and morphogenesis.
  • Specific genetic interactions control organ shape and size.
  • miR396 plays a direct role in determining organ morphology beyond GRF regulation.