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Related Concept Videos

Genomics02:02

Genomics

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique helps...
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R stands for...
Cotranslational Protein Translocation01:20

Cotranslational Protein Translocation

Translocation of proteins across membranes is an ancient process that occurs even in bacteria and archaebacteria. In fact, the components of the translocation machinery are still conserved between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Sec61 channel partners for cotranslational translocation
During cotranslational translocation, the Sec61 channel partners with the signal recognition particle (SRP), the signal recognition particle receptor (SR), and the ribosomes to transport the nascent polypeptide chain...

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Integration of Bioinformatics Approaches and Experimental Validations to Understand the Role of Notch Signaling in Ovarian Cancer
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Integration of Bioinformatics Approaches and Experimental Validations to Understand the Role of Notch Signaling in Ovarian Cancer

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Translational bioinformatics embraces big data.

N H Shah1

  • 1Stanford University School of Medicine, 1265 Welch Road, Room X-229, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

Yearbook of Medical Informatics
|August 15, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Translational bioinformatics is poised to transform healthcare through large-scale individual data. Data-centric approaches and multimodal technologies integrated with electronic health records will drive future breakthroughs in human health.

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Area of Science:

  • Bioinformatics
  • Health Informatics
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • The field of translational bioinformatics is rapidly evolving.
  • Significant advancements occurred between 2011 and 2012.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review key trends and developments in translational bioinformatics during 2011-2012.
  • To identify promising future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature and key events in translational bioinformatics.
  • Analysis of emerging technologies and data-centric approaches.

Main Results:

  • Translational informatics is set to revolutionize human health and healthcare via large-scale individual measurements.
  • Data-centric "Big Data" approaches for pattern discovery and clinical predictions are gaining traction.
  • Integration of multimodal measurement technologies with electronic healthcare data is a growing area for breakthroughs.

Conclusions:

  • The convergence of big data, advanced measurement technologies, and electronic health records promises significant advancements in personalized medicine and healthcare.
  • Future research should focus on leveraging these integrated data sources for clinical impact.