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Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...
Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...

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In Vivo Inhibition of MicroRNA to Decrease Tumor Growth in Mice
07:02

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Published on: August 23, 2019

STAT3 negatively regulates thyroid tumorigenesis.

Joana Pinto Couto1, Laura Daly, Ana Almeida

  • 1Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|August 15, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

In thyroid cancer, activated STAT3 paradoxically inhibits tumor growth. Targeting STAT3 may unexpectedly increase tumor size, revealing complex roles in tumorigenesis.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a known factor in tumorigenesis.
  • Its specific role in thyroid cancer has remained largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of activated STAT3 (pY-STAT3) in human papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).
  • To determine the impact of STAT3 modulation on thyroid cancer growth and metabolism.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of pY-STAT3 expression in human PTC tissues.
  • In vitro studies using thyroid cancer cell lines with genetic alterations (RET/PTC, BRAF, RAS).
  • STAT3 knockdown using shRNA and assessment of tumor growth in xenograft and murine models.
  • Genome expression analysis and metabolic profiling.

Main Results:

  • 57% of PTC cases showed nuclear pY-STAT3, inversely correlated with tumor size and metastasis.
  • STAT3 knockdown promoted larger tumors in vivo and increased proliferation.
  • STAT3 deficiency led to down-regulation of tumor suppressor IGFBP7 and increased aerobic glycolysis via HIF1α.
  • STAT3 acts as a negative regulator of tumor growth and aerobic glycolysis in thyroid cancer.

Conclusions:

  • STAT3 functions as a tumor suppressor in papillary thyroid carcinoma.
  • Targeting STAT3 could potentially increase tumor size, indicating complex therapeutic implications.