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Pericarditis I: Introduction

Pericarditis I: Introduction

Pericarditis is defined as the inflammation of the pericardium, the thin, sac-like membrane surrounding the heart. This condition can cause significant chest pain and other symptoms, often necessitating medical intervention. The pericardium has two layers: the inner visceral layer and the outer parietal layer, separated by a small amount of fluid that reduces friction during heartbeats.Types of PericarditisPericarditis can be classified into several types based on the duration and nature of the...

Pericarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Pericarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Pericarditis is distinguished by inflammation of the pericardium, the fibrous sac that encases the heart. It can be acute, lasting less than six weeks, or chronic, persisting for over three months. Understanding its clinical manifestations and diagnostic findings is crucial for timely and effective management.Clinical ManifestationsWhile pericarditis can be asymptomatic, it usually presents with characteristic symptoms such as:Chest Pain: The most characteristic symptom of pericarditis is chest...

Pericarditis III: Medical Management

Pericarditis III: Medical Management

The primary objectives of managing pericarditis are to determine the underlying cause, provide effective therapy for treatment and symptom relief, and promptly detect signs and symptoms of cardiac tamponade. The following outlines the essential aspects of medical management for pericarditis:ObjectivesDetermine the Cause: Identifying the underlying cause of pericarditis is crucial for targeted treatment. Causes include viral infections, autoimmune diseases, post-cardiac injury syndrome, and...

Pericarditis IV: Nursing Management

Pericarditis IV: Nursing Management

Pericarditis, an inflammation of the pericardium, necessitates diligent nursing management to ensure effective patient care and recovery. The initial step in managing pericarditis is a comprehensive patient medical assessment.The patient reports chest pain aggravated by breathing, coughing, and swallowing, which worsens when lying supine. The pain often improves when sitting up and leaning forward. Additional symptoms may include fever, malaise, and, in severe cases, signs of heart failure.

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...

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Updated: May 19, 2026

An Intact Pericardium Ischemic Rodent Model

An Intact Pericardium Ischemic Rodent Model

Published on: September 2, 2021

Large hemorrhagic pericardial effusion.

Leonid Barski¹, Leah Shalev, Miri Zektser

¹Department of Medicine F, Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel. lbarski@bgu.ac.il

The Israel Medical Association Journal : IMAJ

|August 16, 2012

Summary

Diagnosing and treating large hemorrhagic pericardial effusions is vital for patient outcomes. Prompt intervention led to resolution in all cases, with pulmonary embolism noted as a complication that may resolve without anticoagulation.

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Area of Science:

Cardiology
Internal Medicine
Oncology

Background:

Large pericardial effusion diagnosis is critical due to potential serious underlying diseases.
Limited literature exists on managing large hemorrhagic pericardial effusions.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the management strategies for patients presenting with large hemorrhagic pericardial effusion.

Main Methods:

Retrospective review of seven hospitalized cases of large hemorrhagic pericardial effusions.
Comprehensive evaluation including pericardiocentesis and echocardiography.

Main Results:

Six cases showed echocardiographic signs of cardiac tamponade.
Causes included malignancy, infection, familial Mediterranean fever, and idiopathic.
Two cases of pulmonary embolism resolved spontaneously after effusion treatment.

Conclusions:

Rapid diagnosis and treatment of pericardial effusion are essential for resolution.
Pulmonary embolism associated with pericardial effusion may not require anticoagulation post-treatment.