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Related Concept Videos

Gene-Environment Interactions01:20

Gene-Environment Interactions

Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
Epistasis Analysis01:09

Epistasis Analysis

Although Mendel chose seven unrelated traits in peas to study gene segregation, most traits involve multiple gene interactions that create a spectrum of phenotypes. When the interaction of various genes or alleles at different locations influences a phenotype, this is called epistasis. Epistasis often involves one gene masking or interfering with the expression of another (antagonistic epistasis). Epistasis often occurs when different genes are part of the same biochemical pathway. The...

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[Epigenetics, interface between environment and genes: role in complex diseases].

A J Scheen1, C Junien

  • 1Université de Liege, Chef de Service, Service de Diabétologie, Nutrition et Maladies métaboliques et Unité de Pharmacologie clinique, CHU de Liège, Belgique. Andre.Scheen@chu.ulg.ac.be

Revue Medicale De Liege
|August 16, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epigenetics, heritable gene expression changes, explains how early life events influence adult health and disease. These potentially reversible epigenetic marks offer new avenues for disease prevention and treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Developmental Biology

Context:

  • Epigenetics significantly contributes to the Developmental Origin of Health and Diseases (DOHaD).
  • Epigenetic modifications act as a cellular memory of life events, including in utero exposures.
  • Environmental factors can trigger latent genetic susceptibilities through epigenetic mechanisms.

Purpose:

  • To elucidate the role of epigenetics in linking early-life conditions to adult-onset chronic diseases.
  • To highlight epigenetic changes as a key mechanism in DOHaD.
  • To explore the therapeutic potential of targeting epigenetic modifications.

Summary:

  • Epigenetics involves heritable changes in gene expression without altering DNA sequence.
  • These changes are crucial in DOHaD, influencing susceptibility to diseases like obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular conditions, and cancer.
  • Unlike irreversible genetic predispositions, epigenetic alterations are potentially reversible.

Impact:

  • Epigenetics provides insights into the development of chronic complex diseases.
  • Understanding epigenetic mechanisms opens possibilities for novel preventive and therapeutic strategies.
  • This research underscores the long-term health consequences of early-life environmental exposures.