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Infertility in Males

Infertility in Males

Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...

Spermatogenesis

Spermatogenesis

Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male reproductive...

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment

Hepatic impairment, characterized by decreased liver function, does not uniformly mandate adjustments in drug dosage. Whether dosage modifications are necessary depends on various factors related to the drug's metabolism and elimination pathways. If a drug is primarily excreted via the kidneys and bypasses significant hepatic processing, if it undergoes minimal metabolic transformation in the liver, or if it is volatile and primarily expelled through the lungs, dose adjustments may not be...

Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions

Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions

Idiosyncratic drug reactions represent abnormal chemical responses that vary significantly among individuals, ranging from extreme sensitivity to low doses to insensitivity to high doses. These reactions often occur due to the drug's covalent binding with serum proteins, forming a foreign hapten that triggers an immunotoxicological response. The variability in drug reactions has a strong pharmacogenetic foundation, with genetic differences crucial in how individuals metabolize drugs. For...

Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions

Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions

Drug toxicities can be stratified into pharmacological, pathological, or genotoxic based on their mechanisms. The incidence and severity of these toxicities generally increase with the drug's concentration in the body and exposure time.Pharmacological toxicity is evident when the therapeutic effects of drugs overshoot into adverse reactions in a predictable, dose-dependent manner. Central nervous system (CNS) depression from barbiturates is a classic example, with effects escalating from...

Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions

Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions

Intermittent intravenous (IV) infusion is a method of drug administration where medications are delivered over short infusion periods followed by intervals of no drug delivery. This approach helps to prevent sustained high drug concentrations in the bloodstream, reducing the risk of adverse effects associated with prolonged exposure. Unlike continuous infusion, steady-state concentrations may not be achieved during a single dosing cycle but can be reached through repeated...

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Treatment Model for Young Patients with Psychogenic Erectile Dysfunction and Resultant Infertility

Treatment Model for Young Patients with Psychogenic Erectile Dysfunction and Resultant Infertility

Published on: May 30, 2025

[Drug induced man infertility].

Beata Skowron¹, Kajetan Juszczak, Piotr J Thor

¹Katedra Patofizjologii, Uniwersytet Jagielloński Collegium Medicum, Kraków. bskowron@cm-uj.krakow.pl

Folia Medica Cracoviensia

|August 16, 2012

Summary

Infertility affects 13-15% of couples globally, impacting male reproductive health through pharmacotherapy. This review details drugs that impair male genitalia function and affect sperm production.

Area of Science:

Reproductive Medicine
Pharmacology
Andrology

Context:

Infertility is a significant global health issue, affecting 13-15% of couples worldwide.
The World Health Organization classified infertility as a social disease in 2004.
In Poland, an estimated 700,000 to 1 million couples face infertility challenges.

Purpose:

To review drug classes that negatively impact male reproductive functions.
To elucidate the mechanisms by which these drugs affect spermatogenesis.
To provide a comprehensive overview for clinicians and researchers.

Summary:

Male infertility can stem from pharmacotherapy and adverse drug reactions.
Certain medications disrupt the normal function of male reproductive organs.

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Understanding these drug-induced effects is crucial for managing male infertility.

Impact:

Informed clinical decisions regarding medication in men seeking fertility.
Potential development of therapeutic strategies to counteract drug-induced spermatogenesis impairment.
Enhanced awareness among healthcare providers about drug-related risks to male fertility.