[Diseases and death of Joseph Pilsudski]
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Updated: May 19, 2026

LPS and ATP-induced Death of PMA-differentiated THP-1 Macrophages and its Validation
Published on: May 3, 2024
Czesław Jeśman1, Agnieszka Młudzik, Agnieszka Kula
1Faculty of Military Medicine with the Division of Physiotherapy, History of Science and Military Medicine Department, Medical University of Lodz, Poland. czeslaw.jesman@umed.lodz.pl
Abstract:
Marshal Joseph Pilsudski did not belong to individuals who cared for their health. He avoided physicians and treatment. He appreciated only legion physicians such as Gen. Dr Stanisław Ruppert, Col. Dr Marcin Wroczyński and Col. DrAndrzej Mozołowki. Joseph Pilsudski was a heavy smoker and suffered from pulmonary emphysema for many years. In 1933 he caught a severe flu accompanied by some hepatic ailments and began losing his weight. In 1935, his liver became enlarged. He started vomiting and was very weak. All consultations were ineffective. He died from primary carcinoma of bile ducts on 12 May, 1935.
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