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Related Concept Videos

Color Vision01:24

Color Vision

Color perception begins in the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. Two main theories explain how colors are seen: the trichromatic theory and the opponent-process theory. The trichromatic theory, proposed by Thomas Young in 1802 and extended by Hermann von Helmholtz in 1852, suggests that color vision is based on three types of cone receptors in the retina. These cones are sensitive to different but overlapping ranges of wavelengths corresponding to red, blue, and green.
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Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round end"...
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Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category, whereas...
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A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a brief episode of neurological dysfunction caused by a temporary, focal reduction in cerebral blood flow. Although symptoms resemble those of an ischemic stroke, the interruption in perfusion is short-lived and does not cause permanent infarction. TIAs are clinically important because they often serve as early warning events for future stroke.Mechanisms of Transient Cerebral IschemiaTransient cerebral ischemia may arise through several mechanisms. One...
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Perceptual Constancy

Perceptual constancy is the ability to recognize that objects remain consistent and unchanged even when their appearance varies due to changes in sensory input. There are four main types of perceptual constancy: size constancy, shape constancy, color constancy, and brightness constancy.
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A Murine Model of Ischemic Retinal Injury Induced by Transient Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion
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Contrast-induced transient cortical blindness.

Parth R Shah1, Jayshan Yohendran, Geoffrey D Parker

  • 1Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia. parth13786@yahoo.com.au

Clinical & Experimental Optometry
|August 16, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A patient experienced temporary blindness after a brain aneurysm procedure due to contrast dye toxicity. This rare complication, contrast medium toxicity, resolved within 72 hours, restoring normal vision.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Radiology
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Endovascular coiling is a common treatment for brain aneurysms.
  • Contrast media are essential for visualizing blood vessels during endovascular procedures.
  • Potential complications, though rare, must be understood.

Observation:

  • A 58-year-old male developed acute visual loss post-coiling of a posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysm.
  • Bilateral no light perception (NLP) visual acuity was noted.
  • Ophthalmological examination revealed no intra-ocular pathology.

Findings:

  • Computed tomography (CT) scan demonstrated bilateral parieto-occipital cortical hyperdensity.
  • This finding indicated contrast medium leakage across the blood-brain barrier.
  • Transient cortical blindness was diagnosed as secondary to contrast medium toxicity.

Implications:

  • This case highlights a rare but significant neurological complication of endovascular procedures.
  • Prompt recognition and understanding of contrast medium toxicity are crucial for patient management.
  • Further research into preventative strategies and management protocols for contrast-induced neurotoxicity is warranted.