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Preparation of Alkynes: Alkylation Reaction02:27

Preparation of Alkynes: Alkylation Reaction

Introduction
Alkylation of terminal alkynes with primary alkyl halides in the presence of a strong base like sodium amide is one of the common methods for the synthesis of longer carbon-chain alkynes. For example, treatment of 1-propyne with sodium amide followed by reaction with ethyl bromide yields 2-pentyne.
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Alkynes can be prepared by dehydrohalogenation of vicinal or geminal dihalides in the presence of a strong base like sodium amide in liquid ammonia. The reaction proceeds with the loss of two equivalents of hydrogen halide (HX) via two successive E2 elimination reactions.

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Synthesis, Functionalization, and Characterization of Fusogenic Porous Silicon Nanoparticles for Oligonucleotide Delivery
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A convenient method for preparing alkyl-functionalized silicon nanocubes.

Zhenyu Yang1, Alexander R Dobbie, Kai Cui

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|August 16, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers report the first solid-state synthesis of silicon nanocubes. Prolonged annealing in an oxide matrix optimizes nanocrystal surfaces into cubic shapes for advanced applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

  • Controlled synthesis of silicon nanocrystals is established, typically yielding spherical shapes.
  • Shape-controlled synthesis of silicon nanomaterials remains a challenge with limited published accounts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the first solid-state synthesis of silicon nanocubes.
  • To investigate the thermodynamic self-optimization of nanocrystal surfaces into cubic geometries.
  • To demonstrate surface functionalization of the synthesized silicon nanocubes.

Main Methods:

  • Solid-state synthesis involving prolonged annealing of silicon precursors within an oxide matrix.
  • High-temperature processing to induce thermodynamic surface optimization.
  • Thermal hydrosilylation for surface functionalization of silicon nanocubes.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized diamond structure silicon nanocubes with edge lengths of 8-15 nm.
  • Demonstrated that prolonged annealing in an oxide matrix leads to thermodynamically self-optimized cubic geometries.
  • Achieved facile surface functionalization of the resulting silicon nanocubes via thermal hydrosilylation.

Conclusions:

  • The study presents a novel method for the shape-controlled synthesis of silicon nanocubes.
  • Thermodynamic self-optimization of nanocrystal surfaces is a viable strategy for achieving cubic morphologies.
  • The synthesized silicon nanocubes are amenable to surface functionalization, broadening their potential applications.