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Related Concept Videos

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
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Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Transmitochondrial Cybrid Generation Using Cancer Cell Lines
07:49

Transmitochondrial Cybrid Generation Using Cancer Cell Lines

Published on: March 17, 2023

Mitochondrial dysfunction and cancer metastasis.

Emily I Chen1

  • 1Department Of Pharmacological Sciences & Proteomics Center School Of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8651, USA. emily@pharm.stonybrook.edu

Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes
|August 16, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mitochondria, crucial for cell energy, actively promote cancer metastasis through oxidative stress. Understanding their role in cancer progression offers new therapeutic avenues.

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Analytical Determination of Mitochondrial Function of Excised Solid Tumor Homogenates

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Oncology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Mitochondria generate ATP and reactive oxygen species (ROS), influencing cell death and proliferation.
  • Mitochondrial DNA mutations and metabolic dysregulation are common in tumors.
  • Oxidative stress from mitochondrial dysfunction is linked to carcinogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of mitochondria in promoting cancer metastasis.
  • To summarize current research on mitochondria's involvement in tumor progression and spread.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating mitochondrial roles in cancer metastasis.
  • Analysis of research linking mitochondrial oxidative stress to increased metastatic potential.

Main Results:

  • Mitochondrial oxidative stress actively promotes tumor progression.
  • Mitochondria enhance the metastatic potential of cancer cells.
  • Mitochondrial metabolism in cancer cells and stroma is key to metastasis.

Conclusions:

  • Mitochondria play a causative role in cancer metastasis.
  • Further understanding of mitochondrial roles can guide new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for advanced cancers.