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Updated: May 19, 2026

Surgical Approach to Full Soft Tissue Face Allograft Procurement for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation
Published on: December 30, 2025
Kumaran Shanmugarajah1, Shehan Hettiaratchy, Peter E M Butler
1Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, UK.
Facial transplantation has evolved into a clinical reality, offering significant functional improvements for recipients. While acute rejection is common, it
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