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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
Epilepsy ll: Types01:22

Epilepsy ll: Types

Recurrent seizures, stemming from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, are the defining characteristic of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition. Because seizure features vary greatly, epilepsy is classified using two systems: by seizure type and by epilepsy syndromes. These classifications enable clinicians to describe seizure patterns and select suitable treatment strategies.I. Classification by Seizure Type1. Focal EpilepsyFocal epilepsy begins in one hemisphere of the brain.
Seizures l: Introduction01:20

Seizures l: Introduction

Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...
Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
Psychosurgery01:30

Psychosurgery

Psychosurgery, the surgical alteration or permanent removal of brain tissue to alleviate severe psychological conditions, stands as one of the most radical and controversial treatments in the history of mental health care. Its development and application have evolved significantly, marked by dramatic shifts in scientific understanding and ethical perspectives.
Historical Development of Psychosurgery
In the 1930s, Portuguese neurologist Antonio Egas Moniz introduced a surgical procedure designed...
Seizures ll: Types01:19

Seizures ll: Types

Seizures are sudden bursts of abnormal electrical discharge in the brain that interfere with normal function. They are commonly divided into three groups: focal seizures, generalized seizures, and other types that do not fit neatly into either category.Focal SeizuresFocal seizures begin in a single brain region. When awareness is preserved, they are called focal aware seizures and may cause sensations such as tingling, unusual smells, or flashing lights. When awareness is impaired, they are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Stereo-Electro-Encephalo-Graphy (SEEG) With Robotic Assistance in the Presurgical Evaluation of Medical Refractory Epilepsy: A Technical Note
05:54

Stereo-Electro-Encephalo-Graphy (SEEG) With Robotic Assistance in the Presurgical Evaluation of Medical Refractory Epilepsy: A Technical Note

Published on: June 13, 2016

Epilepsy surgery: surgical aspects.

Takeharu Kunieda1, Takayuki Kikuchi, Susumu Miyamoto

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan. kuny@kuhp.kyoto-u.ac.jp

Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology
|August 17, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Recent advances in epilepsy surgery, including awake surgery techniques and neuromodulation, aim to improve patient quality of life. These methods focus on precise resection of seizure-causing areas while preserving critical brain functions for better epilepsy management.

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Last Updated: May 19, 2026

Stereo-Electro-Encephalo-Graphy (SEEG) With Robotic Assistance in the Presurgical Evaluation of Medical Refractory Epilepsy: A Technical Note
05:54

Stereo-Electro-Encephalo-Graphy (SEEG) With Robotic Assistance in the Presurgical Evaluation of Medical Refractory Epilepsy: A Technical Note

Published on: June 13, 2016

Anteromesial Temporal Lobectomy for Medically Intractable Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: An Operative Study
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Anteromesial Temporal Lobectomy for Medically Intractable Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: An Operative Study

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Multi-electrode Array Recordings of Human Epileptic Postoperative Cortical Tissue
13:14

Multi-electrode Array Recordings of Human Epileptic Postoperative Cortical Tissue

Published on: October 26, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Neurology
  • Epileptology

Background:

  • Epilepsy surgery aims to resect epileptogenic zones while protecting functional areas, often requiring invasive evaluations.
  • Awake surgery techniques are crucial for defining these areas and ensuring patient safety and comfort.
  • Neuromodulation offers new avenues for epilepsy control, with deep brain stimulation (DBS) and responsive neurostimulation (RNS) showing promise.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in epilepsy surgery, focusing on awake surgery.
  • To introduce the clinical application of neuromodulation in epilepsy treatment.
  • To highlight the importance of individualized approaches in epilepsy surgery.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on epilepsy surgery techniques.
  • Analysis of the role of invasive evaluations and awake surgery.
  • Exploration of neuromodulation therapies like DBS and RNS.

Main Results:

  • Awake surgery requires optimal anesthetic management for surgeon efficiency and patient well-being.
  • Neuromodulation techniques like DBS and RNS show positive results, potentially expanding surgical options.
  • Defining epileptogenic and functional areas remains challenging, necessitating advanced diagnostic and surgical strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Epilepsy surgery goals are consistent: maximize neurological function and minimize adverse effects.
  • Individualized clinical approaches are essential for each patient.
  • Further advancements in identifying epileptogenic zones and novel surgical treatments are needed for intractable epilepsy.