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Related Concept Videos

Sleep Apnea01:21

Sleep Apnea

Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
The condition is more prevalent among...
Alterations in Respiration II01:30

Alterations in Respiration II

There are numerous types of normal and abnormal respiration. Based on ventilatory movements, breathing patterns are classified as regular, deep, or shallow. Examples include Biot's breathing, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, Kussmaul's breathing, hyperventilation, and hypoventilation. Each pattern is clinically significant and aids in evaluating patients.
In Biot's breathing, the respiratory rate and depth are irregular, alternating between periods of deep gasping and apnea. Common causes include...
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder01:15

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) is a sleep disorder characterized by the absence of muscle paralysis that normally occurs during the REM phase of sleep. This absence allows individuals to physically act out their dreams, which are often vivid and disturbing. Common behaviors exhibited during episodes include kicking, punching, and yelling. These actions can be dangerous, potentially leading to injuries for the person with RBD or their bed partner.
RBD is significantly associated with...
Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
Respiratory Volumes and Capacities I01:26

Respiratory Volumes and Capacities I

Assessing the respiratory rate and rhythm for a complete minute is crucial for evaluating the breathing pattern. Even a minor increase in the patient's average respiratory rate, by as little as three to five breaths per minute, is an early and vital indicator of respiratory distress. Patients with a respiratory rate exceeding twenty-four breaths per minute require close monitoring to determine the physiological alterations. This careful observation is essential for prompt recognition and...
Sleepwalking and Sleep Talking01:17

Sleepwalking and Sleep Talking

Somnambulism, commonly known as sleepwalking, involves individuals engaging in activities ranging from simple walking to more complex behaviors such as driving. Sleepwalking typically occurs during the slow-wave sleep stages 3 and 4 early in the night when the person is not dreaming, contradicting the myth that sleepwalkers are acting out their dreams.
Factors that increase the likelihood of sleepwalking include sleep deprivation and alcohol consumption. Contrary to common beliefs, it is safe...

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Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
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Sleep-disordered breathing in multiple sclerosis.

Tiffany J Braley1, Benjamin M Segal, Ronald D Chervin

  • 1Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. tbraley@med.umich.edu

Neurology
|August 17, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have a higher prevalence of sleep apnea, particularly obstructive sleep apnea and central apneas. Brainstem involvement in MS patients significantly increases the risk of sleep apnea.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disease.
  • Sleep disorders, including sleep apnea, are increasingly recognized in MS patients.
  • Identifying risk factors for sleep apnea in MS is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence and severity of sleep apnea in multiple sclerosis patients.
  • To investigate potential radiographic and clinical predictors of sleep apnea in MS.
  • To compare sleep apnea indices between MS patients and control groups.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study comparing 48 MS patients undergoing polysomnography (PSG) with two control groups.
  • Analysis of apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and central apnea index (CAI) from PSG data.
  • Statistical comparison using ANOVA, linear regression, and Wilcoxon signed rank tests.

Main Results:

  • MS patients exhibited significantly higher mean AHI and CAI compared to both control groups.
  • MS patients with brainstem involvement showed markedly increased AHI and CAI.
  • MS patients without brainstem involvement had less pronounced differences in AHI, with no significant CAI differences.

Conclusions:

  • Patients with multiple sclerosis have a predisposition to obstructive sleep apnea and central apneas.
  • Brainstem involvement in MS is strongly associated with a higher risk and severity of sleep apnea.
  • These findings highlight the importance of screening for sleep apnea in MS patients, especially those with central nervous system lesions.