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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:29

Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
Venous Thrombosis III: Interprofessional Care01:29

Venous Thrombosis III: Interprofessional Care

Venous thrombosis requires effective prevention and treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes and reduce potential complications.Prevention StrategiesHealthcare providers must prioritize preventing venous thromboembolism (VTE) for all adult patients upon admission. Interventions depend on bleeding and thrombosis risk, medical history, current medications, diagnoses, planned procedures, and patient preferences. Patients on bed rest should change positions every two hours and, if not...
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:19

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

A blood clot, or thrombus, is a semi-solid mass composed of fibrin, platelets, and red blood cells. When it forms within a vessel, it can obstruct blood flow, known as thrombosis. If part of the clot detaches, it becomes an embolus that can travel and block distant vessels. When this occurs in the pulmonary arteries, it causes a condition known as pulmonary embolism (PE).Origin and ImpactMost often, the embolus originates from a thrombus in the deep veins of the lower limbs, a condition called...
Pulmonary Embolism III: Nursing Management01:27

Pulmonary Embolism III: Nursing Management

A pulmonary embolism occurs when a thrombus, amniotic fluid, tumor tissue, fat, or air embolus blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. Effective nursing management and patient education are crucial for improving outcomes and preventing recurrence.Nursing management starts with obtaining a comprehensive patient history, particularly noting any history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Assess for clinical manifestations, including dyspnea, chest pain, crackles, heart murmurs, and signs of right-sided...

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Updated: May 19, 2026

Comprehensive Endovascular and Open Surgical Management of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations
14:58

Comprehensive Endovascular and Open Surgical Management of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations

Published on: October 20, 2017

Embolisation for pulmonary arteriovenous malformation.

Charlie C-T Hsu1, Gigi N C Kwan, Shane A Thompson

  • 1Department of Radiology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.charlie.ct.hsu@gmail.com

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|August 17, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

No randomized controlled trials were found for pulmonary arteriovenous malformation embolization. Observational data suggest embolization reduces morbidity, but more standardized reporting and registry studies are needed to strengthen evidence.

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Catheter-based Endovascular Angioplasty for Fibrosing Mediastinitis-associated Pulmonary Vein Stenosis
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Catheter-based Endovascular Angioplasty for Fibrosing Mediastinitis-associated Pulmonary Vein Stenosis

Published on: August 26, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Vascular Surgery
  • Interventional Radiology
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) are abnormal connections between pulmonary arteries and veins, causing right-to-left shunts.
  • PAVMs lead to significant morbidity and mortality due to paradoxical emboli, stroke, cerebral abscess, pulmonary hemorrhage, and hypoxemia.
  • Embolization is an endovascular procedure to occlude feeding arteries and eliminate shunting in PAVMs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of embolization for pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs).
  • To compare embolization with surgical resection and different embolization devices.
  • To assess the current evidence base for PAVM treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Searched multiple clinical trial registries and databases up to May 2012.
  • Included randomized controlled trials comparing embolization to no treatment, surgery, or different devices.
  • Two independent reviewers assessed eligibility, with a third reviewer for discrepancies.

Main Results:

  • No randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified for inclusion in the review.
  • Consequently, no meta-analysis or statistical analysis was performed.

Conclusions:

  • There is a lack of evidence from RCTs regarding the efficacy and safety of embolization for PAVMs.
  • While RCTs are ethically challenging, observational data suggest embolization reduces morbidity.
  • Standardized reporting and long-term follow-up through registries are recommended to bolster evidence in the absence of RCTs.