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Updated: May 19, 2026

Visualization of Intensity Levels to Reduce the Gap Between Self-Reported and Directly Measured Physical Activity
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Published on: March 7, 2019

The relationship between built environments and physical activity: a systematic review.

Alva O Ferdinand1, Bisakha Sen, Saurabh Rahurkar

  • 1Department of Health Care Organization and Policy, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.

American Journal of Public Health
|August 18, 2012
PubMed
Summary

The built environment is linked to physical activity (PA) and obesity, but most studies lack causal evidence. More rigorous research is needed to confirm if changes in urban design truly impact health outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Urban Planning
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • The relationship between the built environment and physical activity (PA) or obesity is a growing area of public health research.
  • Understanding this link is crucial for developing effective interventions to combat rising obesity rates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the existing literature on the association between built environments and physical activity or obesity.
  • To assess the quality of evidence and identify potential biases in studies examining this relationship.

Main Methods:

  • A two-step protocol was used to identify empirical articles on built environments and PA or obesity.
  • Data extraction from included articles focused on study design, PA measures, and outcome reporting.

Main Results:

  • 89.2% of included studies reported beneficial relationships between built environments and health outcomes.
  • However, most studies used observational designs, limiting causal inference.
  • Objective PA measures and studies on children or direct obesity measures were less likely to find beneficial associations.

Conclusions:

  • Current evidence suggests a link between built environments and PA/obesity, but robust causal evidence is lacking.
  • Policymakers should prioritize rigorous scientific research to confirm these associations.
  • Future studies should employ stronger designs to guide evidence-based urban planning for public health.