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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing, relapsing inflammation of the pancreas, characterized by irreversible damage to the gland. It results in progressive destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma, fibrosis, and eventual loss of both exocrine and endocrine function. The disease may evolve gradually after multiple episodes of acute pancreatitis or develop independently.EtiologyChronic pancreatitis can arise from a variety of causes:Alcohol use is the leading cause, accounting for 70–80% of...
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:24

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...
Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:25

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute pancreatitis is the sudden inflammation of the pancreas caused by the early activation of digestive enzymes, leading to the autodigestion of pancreatic tissue. This results in local inflammation and, in severe cases, systemic complications.EtiologyUnderstanding the underlying causes is crucial, as identifying the etiology guides treatment and anticipates complications. Acute pancreatitis can be triggered by various factors, typically grouped into the following clinical categories.Biliary...
Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas, an organ located behind the stomach. It can be either acute or chronic.
Acute pancreatitis is characterized by rapid inflammation of the pancreas, often caused by factors like gallstone blockage or excessive alcohol consumption. Chronic pancreatitis, on the other hand, is a slow, progressive inflammation that may result from long-term alcohol abuse, obstructions in the pancreatic duct, or genetic factors.
The causes of acute pancreatitis include:
Chronic Pancreatitis II: Collaborative Care01:29

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Collaborative Care

The management of chronic pancreatitis is multifaceted, involving a comprehensive approach that includes thorough assessment, diagnostic testing, and a variety of management strategies.
Assessment:
Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology01:21

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive and irreversible inflammation of the pancreas, most often caused by long-term alcohol abuse, but it can also be related to ductal obstruction, smoking, or genetic factors.Chronic pancreatitis occurs when the pancreas is repeatedly exposed to harmful agents like alcohol, smoking, ductal obstruction, or genetic predisposition. These factors lead to the release of toxic metabolites and inflammatory cytokines, sustaining chronic inflammation in the pancreatic...

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A Simple and Rapid Method for Simultaneous Isolation of Primary Islets and Primary Pancreatic Acinar Cells from Mice
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Demystifying seronegative autoimmune pancreatitis.

Gokulakrishnan Balasubramanian1, Aravind Sugumar, Thomas C Smyrk

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.

Pancreatology : Official Journal of the International Association of Pancreatology (IAP) ... [Et Al.]
|August 18, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Seronegative autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) patients share clinical similarities with seropositive type 1 AIP but differ from type 2 AIP. Older age, other organ involvement, or relapse suggest type 1 AIP in seronegative cases.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is classified into type 1 and type 2.
  • Type 1 AIP is characterized by elevated serum immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4).
  • Type 2 AIP and some type 1 AIP cases are seronegative (normal IgG4 levels).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare clinical profiles of seropositive type 1 AIP, seronegative type 1 AIP, and type 2 AIP.
  • To identify unique characteristics differentiating seronegative type 1 AIP from type 2 AIP.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of clinical profiles.
  • Inclusion of 69 seropositive type 1 AIP, 21 seronegative type 1 AIP, and 22 type 2 AIP patients.

Main Results:

  • Seronegative type 1 AIP patients were more likely to undergo surgical resection than seropositive type 1 AIP patients.
  • Seronegative type 1 AIP patients were older and exhibited higher rates of other organ involvement (OOI) and disease relapse compared to type 2 AIP.
  • All seronegative type 1 AIP patients had OOI, disease relapse, or were older than 50; none of the type 2 AIP patients had OOI or relapse.

Conclusions:

  • Seronegative and seropositive type 1 AIP share similar clinical profiles, distinct from type 2 AIP.
  • In seronegative AIP, age over 50, OOI, or disease relapse are indicative of type 1 AIP over type 2 AIP.