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Related Concept Videos

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview01:20

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview

Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Stereo-Electro-Encephalo-Graphy (SEEG) With Robotic Assistance in the Presurgical Evaluation of Medical Refractory Epilepsy: A Technical Note
05:54

Stereo-Electro-Encephalo-Graphy (SEEG) With Robotic Assistance in the Presurgical Evaluation of Medical Refractory Epilepsy: A Technical Note

Published on: June 13, 2016

Pediatric epilepsy surgery: anesthetic considerations.

Jeffrey L Koh1, Brian Egan, Terrence McGraw

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Doernbecher Children's Hospital/Oregon Health and Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97205, USA. kohj@ohsu.edu

Anesthesiology Clinics
|August 21, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Pediatric epilepsy often resists medication, leading to uncontrolled seizures. This review covers pediatric seizure evaluation, treatments, and anesthetic considerations for anesthesiologists.

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Stereo-Electro-Encephalo-Graphy (SEEG) With Robotic Assistance in the Presurgical Evaluation of Medical Refractory Epilepsy: A Technical Note
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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Anesthesiology

Background:

  • Epilepsy affects a significant number of children, with many experiencing refractory seizures despite current antiepileptic drug therapies.
  • Effective management requires a multidisciplinary approach, including specialized anesthetic care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide anesthesiologists with a comprehensive overview of pediatric epilepsy.
  • To detail seizure evaluation, medical and surgical treatment options.
  • To highlight critical anesthetic implications for this patient population.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pediatric epilepsy management.
  • Synthesis of current guidelines and clinical practices.
  • Focus on anesthetic considerations for surgical and non-surgical interventions.

Main Results:

  • Advances in antiepileptic medications have not resolved the issue of refractory seizures in all pediatric cases.
  • A range of treatment modalities exist, including medical, dietary, and surgical interventions.
  • Anesthetic management must be tailored to the specific type of epilepsy and patient comorbidities.

Conclusions:

  • Anesthesiologists play a crucial role in the perioperative care of pediatric epilepsy patients.
  • Understanding seizure semiology, treatment history, and potential anesthetic triggers is vital.
  • Optimizing anesthetic strategies can improve outcomes for children with difficult-to-control epilepsy.