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Related Concept Videos

Assessment of the Mouth01:26

Assessment of the Mouth

A thorough mouth assessment, including inspection and palpation of the lips, gums, tongue, tonsils, uvula, and pharynx, is crucial in detecting potential health issues. Diseases ranging from oral cancer to systemic conditions like diabetes could be identified early through careful oral examination. This article provides a detailed guide on conducting a comprehensive mouth assessment.
Mouth Inspection
The inspection begins with visually examining the mouth for symmetry, color, and size.
The Tongue and Taste Buds00:49

The Tongue and Taste Buds

The surface of the tongue is covered with various small bumps called papillae, which either distribute what has been ingested (filiform papillae) or contain the sensory taste (or gustatory) receptor cells (fungiform, circumvallate, and foliate papillae). Embedded within each taste-related papilla are the taste buds—clusters of 30 to 100 gustatory receptor cells.
Taste Buds and Receptors01:20

Taste Buds and Receptors

Gustation, or the sense of taste, is intrinsically linked to the anatomical structures located on the tongue. This organ's surface, along with the entirety of the oral cavity, is adorned with stratified squamous epithelium. Evident on the tongue are elevated structures known as papillae (singular = papilla), which house the mechanisms for the transduction of gustatory stimuli. Four distinct types of papillae exist, each identified by their unique morphological attributes: the circumvallate,...
Tongue01:01

Tongue

The human tongue is a fascinating and complex organ, responsible for various essential functions such as swallowing, speech, and taste. It is also subject to various conditions and diseases. In this article, we delve into the anatomy of the tongue, its roles, and some common conditions that can affect it.
Anatomical Position in the Oral Cavity
The tongue is located within the oral cavity, also known as the mouth. It is attached to the floor of the mouth by a fold of mucous membrane called the...
Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
Assessment of Airway, Skin Color, and Use of Accessory Muscles01:30

Assessment of Airway, Skin Color, and Use of Accessory Muscles

A thorough assessment of respiratory health is paramount in clinical settings to identify and manage respiratory distress and ensure adequate oxygenation. This article elaborates on the critical aspects of respiratory evaluation, including airway assessment, skin color examination, and the observation of accessory muscle use, which are integral to effectively diagnosing and managing patients with respiratory conditions.
Introduction
The initial evaluation of a patient's respiratory system...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Assessment of Midline Lingual Point-Pressure Somatosensation Using Von Frey Hair Monofilaments
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Sensory changes after tongue reduction for macroglossia.

Kanako Matsumoto1, Kei-Ichi Morita2, Shigeharu Jinno3

  • 1Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral Restitution, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.

Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology
|August 21, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Tongue reduction surgery for Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome macroglossia did not cause sensory loss. Sensory function, including touch, vibration, and taste, remained intact after the Harada-Enomoto procedure.

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Area of Science:

  • Surgical techniques
  • Neurology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Macroglossia, an enlarged tongue, is a common feature of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome.
  • Surgical intervention, such as the Harada-Enomoto method, is often necessary to address functional impairments caused by macroglossia.
  • Assessing sensory changes post-surgery is crucial for patient outcomes.

Observation:

  • A 20-year-old woman diagnosed with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome underwent tongue reduction surgery using the Harada-Enomoto technique.
  • Comprehensive sensory evaluations were conducted pre-operatively and at one week and two months post-operatively.
  • Specific sensory modalities assessed included static tactile threshold, vibration sense, static two-point discrimination, pain threshold, and taste perception.

Findings:

  • The study found no evidence of sensory deficits in any of the tested categories following tongue reduction.
  • All measured sensory functions, from tactile sensitivity to taste, were preserved.
  • This indicates the Harada-Enomoto tongue reduction method is safe concerning sensory nerve function.

Implications:

  • The Harada-Enomoto tongue reduction method appears to be a safe surgical option for macroglossia in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome patients.
  • Preservation of sensory function is vital for maintaining quality of life and oral function.
  • Further research could explore long-term sensory outcomes and compare different surgical techniques.