[Surgeons return to the science of living matter]

The progress in digital and surgical technology has enhanced the exploration and knowledge of the living matter that constitutes our corporal form. Hence, endoscopic intratissular observation of living matter during surgical interventions reveals the structuring elements that are difficult to identify with a cadaver, or tissue sample, using histological and anatomopathological methods. Once the endoscope equipped with a camera has been placed in the heart of the living matter of a patient, one's perception changes and reality wavers. With the help of endoscopic intratissular techniques, surgeons can now explore the world of living human matter. Such observations should be interpreted in collaboration with other scientific specialisations, but they are a fundamental support because they provide a precise vision of the reality of living tissue. This is a new adventure, not only for surgeons but also for the further knowledge of living matter.